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Ο '''Ιωάννης Β΄''', ο επονομαζόμενος '''Καππαδόκης''', διετέλεσε [[Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο|Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως]] από το [[518]] ως το [[520]].
{{for|the [[prefect]] under [[Justinian I]]|John the Cappadocian}}
'''John''' or '''Joannes II''', surnamed '''Cappadox''' or '''Cappadocia''', less commonly known as '''John the Cappadocian''', [[Patriarch of Constantinople]], ([[518]] - [[520]]), was appointed by [[Roman Emperor Anastasius I|Anastasius]] after an enforced condemnation of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]. His short patriarchate is memorable for the celebrated Acclamations of Constantinople, and the reunion of East and West after a schism of 34 years. At the death of Timothy, John of Cappadocia, whom he had designated his successor, was presbyter and chancellor of the church of Constantinople.
Καταγόταν από την [[Καππαδοκία]], εξ' ού και το προσωνύμιό του. Ήταν πρεσβύτερος και σύγγελος της Εκκλησίας της Κωνσταντινούπολης όταν εξελέγη το [[518]], μετά το θάνατο του προκατόχου του, [[Πατριάρχης Τιμόθεος Α΄|Τιμόθεου Α΄]]. Αναφέρεται ότι είχε υποδειχθεί από τον Τιμόθεο ως διάδοχός του, αλλά ήταν και επιλογή του Αυτοκράτορα [[Αναστάσιος Α'|Αναστάσιου]]. Η σύντομη Πατριαρχία του σημαδεύτηκε από την οριστική θεραπεία του [[ακακιανά σχίσματα|ακακιανού σχίσματος]], το οποίο είχε διαιρέσει την Εκκλησία σε Ανατολή και Δύση για 35 χρόνια, από την εποχή του [[Πατριάρχης Ακάκιος|Πατριάρχης Ακακίου]].
On [[July 9]], [[518]], the long reign of Anastasius came to a close, the orthodox [[Justin I|Justin]] succeeding. On Sunday [[July 15]], the new emperor entered the cathedral, and the patriarch, accompanied by twelve prelates, was making his way through the throngs that crowded every corner. As he came near the raised dais where the pulpit stood shouts arose, "Long live the patriarch! Long live the emperor! Why do we remain excommunicated? Why have we not communicated these many years? You are Catholic, what do you fear; worthy servant of the Trinity? Cast out Severus the Manichee! O Justin, our emperor, you win! This instant proclaim the synod of Chalcedon, because Justin reigns." These and other cries continued. The procession passed into the inclosure, but the excited congregation went on shouting outside the gates of the choir in similar strains: "You shall not come out unless you anathematize Severus," referring to the heretical patriarch of Antioch. The patriarch John, having meanwhile gained time for thought and consultation, came out and mounted the pulpit, saying, "There is no need of disturbance or tumult; nothing has been done against the faith; we recognize for orthodox all the councils which have confirmed the decrees of Nicaea, and principally these three - [[First Council of Constantinople|Constantinople]], [[Council of Ephesus|Ephesus]], and the great council of Chalcedon."
Χειροτονήθηκε την τρίτη μέρα του Πάσχα του [[518]], ημέρα κατά την οποία πέθανε ο Αυτοκράτορας Αναστάσιος, ο οποίος είχε συντελέσει στη διαιώνιση του ακακιανού σχίσματος, πιέζοντας επισκόπους και Πατριάρχες να καταδικάσουν την Δ΄ Οικουμενική Σύνοδο. Τον Ιούλιο του ίδιου έτους εξελέγη Αυτοκράτορας ο [[Ιουστίνος Α']]. Την Κυριακή [[15 Ιουλίου]], Αυτοκράτορας Ιουστίνος και Πατριάρχης Ιωάννης βρίσκονταν στο ναό της [[Αγία Σοφία (Κωνσταντινούπολη)|Αγίας Σοφίας]], όπου ο λαός άρχισε να φωνάζει, απαιτώντας την αναγνώριση της Δ΄ Οικουμενικής Συνόδου και τον αναθεματισμό του [[Σεβήρος Αντιοχείας|Σεβήρου]], αιρετικού Πατριάρχη [[Αντιόχεια|Αντιοχείας]]. Ο Πατριάρχης αναγνώρισε τη Δ΄ Οικουμενική Σύνοδο, διέγραψε το Σεβήρο από τα Δίπτυχα και, υπό την πίεση του λαού, όρισε την επομένη, 16 Ιουλίου, ως ημέρα εορτασμού των Οικουμενικών Συνόδων.
The people were determined to have a more formal decision, and continued shouting for several hours, mingling with their former cries such as these: "Fix a day for a festival in honour of Chalcedon!" "Commemorate the holy synod this very morrow!" The people being thus firm, the deacon Samuel was instructed to announce the desired festival. Still the people continued to shout with all their might, "Severus is now to be anathematized; anathematize him this instant, or there's nothing done!" The patriarch, seeing that something must be settled, took counsel with the twelve attendant prelates, who agreed to the curse on Severus. This extemporaneous and intimidated council then carried a decree by acclamation: "It is plain to all that Severus in separating himself from this church condemned himself. Following, therefore, the canons and the Fathers, we hold him alien and condemned by reason of his blasphemies, and we anathematize him." The domes of St. Sophia rang with shouts of triumph and the crowd dispersed. It was a day long remembered in Constantinople.
Οι εορτασμοί πραγματοποιήθηκαν και, πάλι υπό την πίεση του λαού, ο Ιωάννης συνεκάλεσε [[Σύνοδος (εκκλησιαστική)|Σύνοδο]] στις [[20 Ιουλίου]], στην οποία συμμετείχαν σαρανταένας επίσκοποι και πενήντα ηγούμενοι μονών, και η οποία ανακήρυξε άδικη την εκθρόνιση των Πατριαρχών [[Πατριάρχης Ευφήμιος|Ευφημίου]] και [[Πατριάρχης Μακεδόνιος Β΄|Μακεδονίου]], και αποφάσισε να μεταφερθούν τα οστά τους στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, κοντά σε αυτά των προκατόχων τους, [[Πατριάρχης Φλαβιανός|Φλαβιανού]], [[Ιωάννης ο Χρυσόστομος|Ιωάννη του Χρυσοστόμου]] και [[Επίσκοπος Νέας Ρώμης Παύλος Α΄|Παύλου του Ομολογητού]]. Επίσης αποφάσισε να επανέλθουν στις επισκοπές τους όσοι εξορίστηκαν από τον Αυτοκράτορα Αναστάσιο, να αναθεματιστεί ο Σεβήρος και να εγγραφούν πάλι στα Δίπτυχα τα ονόματα του Ευφημίου, του Μακεδονίου και του [[Πάπας Λέων Α΄|Λέοντα]], Πάπα Ρώμης.
The next day the promised commemoration of Chalcedon took place. Again as the patriarch made his processional entrance and approached the pulpit clamours arose: "Restore the relics of [[Macedonius]] to the church! Restore those exiled for the faith! Let the bones of the [[Nestorian]]s be dug up! Let the bones of the [[Eutychian]]s be dug up! Cast out the Manichees! Place the four councils in the diptychs! Place [[Pope Leo I|Leo]], bishop of Rome, in the diptychs! Bring the diptychs to the pulpit!" This kind of cry continuing, the patriarch replied, "Yesterday we did what was enough to satisfy my dear people, and we shall do the same to-day. We must take the faith as our inviolable foundation; it will aid us to reunite the churches. Let us then glorify with one mouth the holy and consubstantial Trinity." But the people went on crying madly, "This instant, let none go out! I abjure you, shut the doors! You no longer fear Amantius the Manichee! Justin reigns, why fear Amantius?" So they continued. The patriarch tried in vain to bring them to reason. It was the outburst of enthusiasm and excitement long pent up under heterodox repression. It bore all before it. The patriarch was at last obliged to have inserted in the diptychs the four councils of [[First Council of Nicaea|Nicaea]], Constantinople, Ephesus, and Chalcedon, and the names of Euphemius and Macedonius, patriarchs of Constantinople, and Leo, bp. of Rome. Then the multitude chanted for more than an hour, "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for He hath visited and redeemed His people!" The choir assembled on the raised platform, and, turning eastwards, sang the Trisagion, the whole people listening in silence. When the moment arrived for the recitation of the names of the defunct bishops from the diptychs, the multitude closed in silence about the holy table; and when the deacon had read the new insertions, a mighty shout arose, "Glory be to Thee, O Lord!"
Ο Ιωάννης κοινοποίησε τις αποφάσεις της Συνόδου στον Πατριάρχη Ιεροσολύμων [[Ιωάννης Γ΄ Ιεροσολύμων|Ιωάννη Γ΄]] και στον Τύρου Επιφάνιο, οι Εκκλησίες των οποίων συμμορφώθηκαν αμέσως με χαρά. Το ίδιο έπραξαν περί τις 2.500 επισκοπές, κατά τη βασιλεία του Ιουστίνου. Κατόπιν αυτών, στάλθηκε αντιπροσωπία στη Ρώμη, με επιστολή του Ιουστίνου προς τον [[Πάπας Ορμίσδας|Πάπα Ορμίσδα]], με την οποία ζητούσε την επανένωση των εκκλησιών, καθώς οι Οικουμενικές Σύνοδοι είχαν αναγνωριστεί και τα ονόματα των Παπών Λέοντα και Ορμίσδα είχαν εγγραφεί ξανά στα Δίπτυχα.
To authenticate what had been done, John assembled on July 20 a council of 40 bishops, who happened to be at the capital. The four general councils and the name of Pope Leo were inscribed in the diptychs. [[Severus of Antioch]] was anathematized after an examination of his works in which a distinct condemnation of Chalcedon was discovered. John wrote to [[John III of Jerusalem]] and to Epiphanius of Tyre, telling them the good news of the acclamations and the synod. His letters were accompanied by orders from Justin to restore all who had been banished by Anastasius, and to inscribe the council of Chalcedon in the diptychs. At Jerusalem and at Tyre there was great joy. Many other churches declared for Chalcedon, and during the reign of Justin 2,500 bishops gave their adhesion and approval. Now came the reconciliation with Rome. The emperor Justin wrote to the pope a fortnight after the scene of the acclamations, begging him to further the desires of the patriarch John for the reunion of the churches. John wrote saying that he received the four general councils, and that the names of Leo and of Hormisdas himself had been put in the diptychs. A deputation was sent to Constantinople with instructions that Acacius was to be anathematized by name, but that Euphemius and Macedonius might be passed over in silence.
Κατόπιν αυτού, στις [[28 Μαρτίου]] του [[519]] υπεγράφη ο λεγόμενος «[[Ο τύπος του Πάπα Ορμίσδα]]», ένα κείμενο που επιβεβαίωνε τη λήξη του ακακιανού σχίσματος (χρησιμοποιήθηκε όμως αργότερα ως απόδειξη του [[Παπικό πρωτείο|Παπικού Πρωτείου]]). Ένα άλλο σημαντικό γεγονός της Πατριαρχίας του Ιωάννη του Καππαδόκη είναι μια επιστολή λαϊκών και μοναχών της [[Συρία|Συρίας]] προς αυτόν, στην οποία αποκαλείται «[[Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης|οικουμενικός]]», εβδομήντα περίπου χρόνια πριν αποδοθεί συνοδικά ο τίτλος αυτός στον Πατριάρχη Κωνσταντινουπόλεως.
The deputies arrived at Constantinople on Mar. 25, 519. Justin received the pope's letters with great respect, and told the ambassadors to come to an explanation with the patriarch, who at first wished to express his adherence in the form of a letter, but agreed to write a little preface and place after it the words of Hormisdas, which he copied out in his own handwriting. Two copies were sent by the legates to Rome, one in Greek, the other in Latin. Emperor, senate, and all present were overjoyed at this ratification of peace.
Ο Ιωάννης πέθανε τον Ιανουάριο ή Φεβρουάριο του [[520]]. Ανακηρύχθηκε άγιος και η [[Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία]] τιμά τη μνήμη του στις [[25 Αυγούστου]].
The sting of the transaction still remained; they had now to efface from the diptychs the names of five patriarchs - [[Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople|Acacius]], [[Patriarch Fravitta of Constantinople|Fravitta]], [[Patriarch Euphemius of Constantinople|Euphemius]], [[Patriarch Macedonius II of Constantinople|Macedonius]], and [[Patriarch Timothy I of Constantinople|Timothy]] - and two emperors - [[Zeno of the Byzantine Empire|Zeno]] and Anastasius. All the bishops at Constantinople gave their consent in writing; so did all the abbots, after some discussion. On Easter Day the pacification was promulgated. The court and people, equally enthusiastic, surged into St. Sophia. The vaults resounded with acclamations in praise of God, the emperor, St. Peter, and the Pope of Rome. Opponents, who had prophesied sedition and tumult, were signally disappointed. Never within memory had so vast a number communicated. The emperor sent an account of the proceedings throughout the provinces and the ambassadors forwarded their report to Rome, saying that there only remained the negotiations with the [[Patriarch of Antioch]]. John wrote to [[Pope Hormisdas|Hormisdas]] to congratulate him on the great work, and to offer him the credit of its success. Soon after, [[January 19]], 520, John died.
===Sources=Πηγές==
*[http://www.ec-patr.org/list/index.php?lang=gr&id=52 Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο]
*[[AvitusΆβιτος of Vienne|AvitusΒιέννης]], Ep. vii. [[Patrologia Latina|Patr. Lat.]] lix. 227;
*BaroniusΒαρόνιος, ad. ann. 518, x.-lxxvii. 520, vii.;
*Fleury, ii. 573; [[Acta Sanctorum|Acta SS. Bolland.]], 18 Aug. iii. 655;
*[[PopeΠάπας HormisdasΟρμίσδας|HormisdasΠάπα Ορμίσδα]], Epp., Patr. Lat. lxiii. p. 426, etcκλπ.
*[[Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos|Niceph. Callist.]] iiii. 456, [[Patrologia Graeca|Patr. Gk.]] cxlvii.;
*[[Νικηφόρος Κάλλιστος Ξανθόπουλος]] iiii. 456, [[Patrologia Graeca]] cxlvii.
*[[Photius]], iii. § 287 a, Patr. Gk. ciii.;
*[[Πατριάρχης Φώτιος Α΄]], iii. § 287 a, Patrologia Graeca ciii.
*[[Theophanes|Theoph]]. Chronogr. § 140, Patr. Gk. cviii.;
*[[Θεοφάνης Ομολογητής|Θεοφάνης]], Χρονογραφία § 140, Patrologia Graeca cviii.
*{{WaceBio}} [http://www.ccel.org/w/wace/biodict/htm/iii.x.vii.htm#iii.x.vii]
*Henry Wace, Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies
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{{succession box|
before=[[Patriarch Timothy I of Constantinople|Timothy I]]|
title=[[List of Constantinople patriarchs|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=[[518]]–[[520]]|
after=[[Epiphanius of Constantinople|Epiphanius]]}}
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{{Πατριάρχες Κωνσταντινουπόλεως}}
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:6th century archbishops]]
[[Κατηγορία:Πατριάρχες Κωνσταντινουπόλεως|Ιωάννης Β]]
[[Category:520 deaths]]
[[Κατηγορία:Χριστιανοί άγιοι|Ιωάννης Β]]
[[bg:Йоан Кападокийски]]
[[ca:Joan II de Constantinoble]]
[[en:John of Cappadocia]]
[[ru:Иоанн II (константинопольский патриарх)]]
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