Πάπας Γρηγόριος ΙΕ΄: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 1:
{{Infobox pope
|English name = Gregory XV
|όνομα = Γρηγόριος ΙΕ΄ ▼
|Latin name = Gregorio PP. XV
|image = [[Image:Gregor XV.jpg|center|200px|Portrait by [[Guercino]]]]
|term_start = 9 February 1621|term_end=8 July 1623
|predecessor = [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]|successor=[[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]]
|birth_date = 9 or 15 January 1554|birthplace=[[Bologna]], [[Papal State]]
|θυρεός = C o a Gregorio XV.svg▼
|dead = dead|death_date={{death date and age|1623|7|8|1554|1|9|mf=y}}
}}▼
|deathplace = [[Rome]], [[Papal State]]
|other = Gregory
'''Pope Gregory XV''' (9 January or 15 January 1554 – 8 July 1623), born '''Alessandro Ludovisi''', was pope from 1621, succeeding [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]] on 9 February 1621. <!--He was the last Pope [[Papal election|elected]] by [[acclamation]]. VERIFY PLEASE-->
==Biography==
{{Infobox popestyles|
|dipstyle = His Holiness
|offstyle = Your Holiness
|relstyle = Holy Father
|deathstyle = None
}}▼
He was born in [[Bologna]] to Count Pompeo Ludovisi and Camilla Bianchini, one of seven children.
[[
Educated at the [[Collegio Romano]] of the [[Jesuits]] in Rome, he went to the [[University of Bologna]] to get degrees in [[Canon law|canon]] and [[Roman law]], June 1575. There is no evidence that he ever took [[Holy Orders|orders]]: his early career was as a papal jurist in Rome. In 1612 [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]] appointed him [[Archdiocese of Bologna|Archbishop of Bologna]] and sent him in August 1616 as nuncio to the [[Duchy of Savoy]], to mediate between [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] and [[Philip III of Spain]] in their dispute concerning the [[House of Gonzaga|Gonzaga]] [[Marquisate of Montferrat]]<ref>The dispute eventually led to the [[War of the Mantuan Succession]], 1628–31.</ref>. In September 1616 Paul created him [[Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[Santa Maria in Traspontina]]''. Cardinal Ludovisi remained at his see in Bologna until he went to Rome after the death of Pope Paul V to take part in the [[Papal conclave, 1621|conclave]] in which he was chosen.
At the moment of his election, chiefly through the influence of Cardinal Borghese, at his advanced age (he was 67) and with his weak state of health he saw at once that he would need an energetic man, in whom he could place implicit confidence, to assist him in the government of the Church. His nephew [[Ludovico Ludovisi]], a young man of 25 years, seemed to him to be the right person and, at the risk of being charged with nepotism, he created him cardinal on the third day of his pontificate. On the same day, [[Orazio Ludovisi|Orazio]], a brother of the pope, was put at the head of the pontifical army. The future revealed that Gregory XV was not disappointed in his nephew. The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' allows that "Ludovico, it is true, advanced the interests of his family in every possible way, but he also used his brilliant talents and his great influence for the welfare of the Church, and was sincerely devoted to the pope." Gregory secured for the Ludovisi two dukedoms, one for his youngest brother Orazio, made a ''Nobile Romano'' and duca di Fiano, 1621, and the other, the duchy of [[Zagarolo]], purchased from the [[Colonna]] by his nephew [[Ludovico Ludovisi]] in 1622. A second nephew, [[Niccolò Ludovisi|Niccolò]], was made reigning [[Principality of Piombino|prince of Piombino]] and Lord of the Isola d'[[Elba]] in 1634, having married the heiress, 30 March 1632.
Beyond assisting [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]] and the Catholic League against the [[Protestants]], to the tune of a million gold ducats, and [[Sigismund III Vasa]] against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]], he interfered little in European politics. His Constitution against magicians and witches (''Omnipotentis Dei'', 20 March, 1623) was the last papal ordinance against [[witchcraft]]. Former punishments were lessened, and the death penalty was limited to those who were "proved to have entered into a [[Diabolical pact|compact with the devil]], and to have committed homicide with his assistance" (''CE''). He was a learned divine and manifested a reforming spirit; his bull of 15 November, 1621, ''Aeterni Patris'' regulated papal elections which were to be secret and in writing; three methods of election were allowed: by scrutiny, compromise and [[Acclamation (in Papal Elections)|quasi-inspiration]]. On 6 January 1622, he established the [[Congregatio de propaganda fide]] the missionary arm of the Roman Curia. His pontificate was marked by the [[canonisation]] of [[Teresa of Avila]], [[Francis Xavier]], [[Ignatius Loyola]], [[Philip Neri]], and [[Isidore the Farmer]]. He also beatified [[Aloysius Gonzaga]] and [[Peter of Alcantara]]. He was influential in bringing the Bolognese artist [[Guercino]] to Rome, a landmark in the development of the [[Baroque|High Baroque]] style. He sat for his portrait bust both to [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] and to [[Alessandro Algardi]], whose restrained bust in a tondo is in the church of [[Santa Maria in Vallicella]].
Gregory XV died in the [[Quirinal Palace]] on 8 July 1623, and was buried in the church of [[Sant'Ignazio]]. He was succeeded by [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]].
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==
* Günther Wassilowsky, Hubert Wolf: ''Päpstliches Zeremoniell in der Frühen Neuzeit – Das Diarium des Zeremonienmeisters Paolo Alaleone de Branca während des Pontifikats Gregors XV. (1621–1623)''. Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-930454-80-8
==References==
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07004b.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] "Pope Gregory XV"
*Some revised text from the ninth edition (1880) of the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1616.htm Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church:] Alessandro Ludovisi
*[http://www.sardimpex.com/files/LUDOVISI%20E%20MONTERENZI.htm Genealogy of the Ludovisi]: Alessandro Ludovisi, no. F3
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Scipione Borghese]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Bologna]]|years=March 12, 1612 – February 9, 1621}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ludovico Ludovisi]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pope]]|years=February 9, 1621 – July 8, 1623}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]]}}
{{end}}
{{Popes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Γρηγοριος 15}}▼
{{Catholicism}}
{{History of the Roman Catholic Church}}
▲|ΑΛΛΑ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΑ=Alessandro Ludovisi
▲}}
[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:Italian popes]]
[[Category:Ludovisi family]]
[[Category:People from Bologna]]
[[Category:1554 births]]
[[Category:1623 deaths]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Bologna]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Burials at Sant'Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio, Rome]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[bg:Григорий XV]]
Γραμμή 54 ⟶ 77 :
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