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Γραμμή 42:
Sakurajima is located in the [[Aira caldera]], formed in an enormous eruption 22,000 years ago.<ref name="VOWO">{{cite web |url = http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vw_hyperexchange/sakura-jima.html |title = The 1914 Sakurajima explosion at Volcanoworld |accessdate = 2007-08-03 }}</ref> Several hundred cubic kilometres of [[Volcanic ash|ash]] and [[pumice]] were ejected, causing the [[magma chamber]] underneath the erupting vents to collapse. The resulting caldera is over {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} across. [[Tephra]] fell as far as {{convert|1000|km|abbr=on}} from the volcano. Sakurajima is a modern active vent of the same Aira caldera volcano.
Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.activolcans.info/fiche.php?NomVolcan=Sakurajima |title = Sakurajima at Activolcan.info |accessdate = 2007-08-03 |work = |language=French}}
Volcanic activity at ''Kita-dake'' ended around 4,900 years ago: subsequent eruptions have been centered on ''Minami-dake''.<ref>{{cite gvp |vnum = 0802-08= |name = Sakura-jima |accessdate = 2007-08-04 }}</ref>
==1914 eruption==
Γραμμή 67 ⟶ 66 :
Lava flows are rare in Japan—the high [[silica]] content of the [[magma]]s there mean that explosive eruptions are far more common<ref>{{cite web |url = http://jove.geol.niu.edu/students/mdare/VirtualFieldTrip/Mt_Fuji/volcanoinfo.htm |title = Japanese Volcanoes at the Northern Illinois University |accessdate = 2007-08-06 |work = }}</ref>—but the lava flows at Sakurajima continued for months.<ref name="VOWO"/>
The island grew, engulfing several smaller islands nearby, and eventually becoming connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus.
During the final stages of the eruption, the centre of the Aira Caldera sank by about {{convert|60|cm|abbr=on}}, due to subsidence caused by the emptying out of the underlying magma chamber.<ref name="VOWO"/> The fact that the subsidence occurred at the centre of the caldera rather than directly underneath Sakurajima showed that the volcano draws its magma from the same [[wiktionary:reservoir|reservoir]] that fed the ancient caldera-forming eruption.<ref name="VOWO"/> The eruption partly inspired a 1914 movie, ''[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0004838/ Wrath of the Gods]'', centering around a family curse that ostensibly causes the eruption.
Γραμμή 79 ⟶ 78 :
In light of the dangers it presents to nearby populations, Sakurajima was designated a [[Decade Volcano]] in 1991, identifying it as worthy of particular study as part of the [[United Nations]]' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://hakone.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/unzen/sakura/sakura.html |title = Decade Volcano Sakurajima at the Earthquake Research Institute |accessdate = 2007-08-06 |work = }}</ref>
Sakurajima is part of the [[Kirishima-Yaku National Park]], and its lava flows are a major tourist attraction. The area around Sakurajima contains several hot spring resorts. One of the main agricultural products of Sakurajima is a huge basketball-sized white radish (''
On March 10, 2009, Sakurajima erupted, sending debris up to {{convert|2|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}. An eruption had been expected following a series of smaller explosions over the weekend. It is not thought there was any damage caused by the latest eruption.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7934418.stm |title = Japan's Sakurajima volcano erupts |date = March 10, 2009 |accessdate = March 16, 2012 }}</ref>
Γραμμή 99 ⟶ 98 :
==See also==
* [[List of volcanoes in Japan]]
==Notes==
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