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Πάπας Βενέδικτος Η΄: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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Γραμμή 1:
{{Infobox Christian leader | type = Pope|
|English name=Benedict VIII|
|image=B Benedikt VIII.jpg|
|image_size = 150px|
|birth_name=Theophylactus|
|term_start=18 May 1012|
|term_end=9 April 1024|
|predecessor=[[Pope Sergius IV|Sergius IV]]|
|successor=[[Pope John XIX|John XIX]]|
|birth_date=???|
|birth_place=|[[Rome]], [[Papal States]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]|
dead=dead|death_date={{Death date|1024|4|9|df=y}}|
|death_place=[[Rome]], [[Papal States]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]|
|other=Benedict}}
 
'''Pope Benedict VIII''' (died 9 April 1024), born '''Theophylactus''', was [[Pope]] from 1012 to 1024. He was of the noble family of the [[counts of Tusculum]] (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and brother of future [[Pope John XIX]]), descended from [[Theophylact, Count of Tusculum]], just as was his predecessor [[Pope Benedict VI]] (973–974).
 
Benedict VIII was opposed by an [[antipope]], [[Antipope Gregory VI|Gregory VI]], who compelled him to flee [[Rome]].<ref>Johann Lorenz Mosheim, James Murdock, ''Institutes of Ecclesiastical History'', (A.H.Maltby, 1832), 181-182181–182.</ref> He was restored by [[Henry II of Germany]], whom he crowned [[Emperor]] on 14 February 1014. He remained on good terms with Henry for his entire pontificate.<ref>Peter Lasko, ''Ars Sacra: 800-1200800–1200'', (Yale University Press, 1994), 111.</ref> In Benedict VIII's pontificate the [[Saracens]] renewed their attacks on the southern coasts of [[Italy]]. They also burned [[Pavia]] and effected a settlement in [[Sardinia]].<ref>Ferdinand Gregorovius, Annie Hamilton, ''History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages'', (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 25.</ref> The [[Normans]] also then began to settle in [[Italy]]. The Pope promoted peace in Italy by allying himself with the [[Normans]], orchestrating the [[Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia (1015–1016)|defeat of the Saracens in Sardinia]] and subjugating the [[Crescentii]]. In 1022, he held a [[synod]] at [[Pavia]] with the Emperor to restrain [[simony]] and [[incontinence (philosophy)|incontinence of the clergy]].<ref>Williston Walker, ''A History of the Christian Church'', (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921), 218.</ref> The reformation sponsored by [[Cluny Abbey]] was supported by him, and he was a friend of its abbot, [[Odilo of Cluny|St. Odilo]].
 
In 1020, Benedict VIII travelled to Germany to confer with Henry II about the renewed [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] menace in the [[Mezzogiorno]]. Arriving at [[Bamberg]] at Eastertide, he consecrated the new cathedral there, obtained a charter from Henry II confirming the donations of [[Charlemagne]] and [[Otto the Great]], and visited the monastery of [[Fulda]].<ref>Knud Ottosen, ''The Responsories and Versicles of the Latin Office of the Dead'', (BoD, 2008), 263.</ref> He convinced the Emperor to lead an expedition into the south of Italy and subordinate his vassals who had defected to Greek authority.
Γραμμή 29:
{{familytree | Ald |v| Al2 | | unk | | J11 |Al2=[[Alberic II of Spoleto]]<br>905–954 |Ald=Alda of Vienne |J11='''[[Pope John XI]]'''<br>931–935 |unk=''David'' or ''Deodatus''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | Ge1 | | J12 | | Be7 |Ge1=[[Gregory I, Count of Tusculum]] |J12='''[[Pope John XII]]'''<br>955–964 |Be7='''[[Pope Benedict VII]]'''<br>974-983974–983}}
{{familytree | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | Be8 | | Al3 | | J19 |Al3=[[Alberic III, Count of Tusculum]]<br>d. 1044 |J19='''[[Pope John XIX]]'''<br>Pope 1024–1032 |Be8='''[[Pope Benedict VIII]]'''<br>Pope 1012–1024}}
Γραμμή 60:
|date of birth=
|place of birth=
|date of death=April 9, April 1024
|place of death= [[Rome]], [[Papal States]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
}}
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Πάπας_Βενέδικτος_Η΄"