Σαμονί-Μον-Μπλαν: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 31:
Η κοινότητα Σαμονί-Μον-Μπλαν περιλαμβάνει 16 χωριά και κωμοπόλεις. Από βορρά προς νότο: Λε Τουρ {{convert|1462|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="remontees">{{cite web | title = Chamonix Valley Website | url=http://www.chamonix.com/page.php?page=88&r=remontees_mecaniques_temps_reel&ling=en | accessdate = 2010-02-10}}</ref>, Μοντρόκ, Λε Πλανέ, [[Αρζεντιέρ]] {{convert|1252|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="remontees"/>, Λε Σοσαλέ, Λε Λαβανσέ, Λε Τιν, Λε Μπουά, [[Λε-Πρα-ντε-Σαμονί]] {{convert|1060|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="remontees"/>, Σαμονί-Μον-Μπλαν, Λε Πεκλ, Λε Μουϊγιέ, Λε Μπαρά, Λε Πελερεν, ΛεΓκαϊλάντ και Λε Μποσόν {{convert|1012|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="remontees"/>.
==Ιστορία==
[[File:The Saussure monument, Chamonix.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Οράς-Μπενεντίκτ ντε Σοσίρ]] και [[ΧακΜπαλμά]] (αριστερά) δείχνουν προς την κορυφή του [[Μον Μπλαν]], μνημείο στο Σαμονί]]
The valley was first mentioned in 1091, when it was granted by the Count of the [[Genevois (province)|Genevois]] to the great [[Benedictine]] house of [[Sacra di San Michele|St. Michel de la Cluse]], near [[Turin]], which by the early 13th century had established a priory there.<ref name="WoodburnHyde">The Development of the Appreciation of Mountain Scenery in Modern Times, Walter Woodburn Hyde, Geographical Review, Vol. 3, No. 2 (February 1917), pp. 107–118</ref> However, in 1786 the inhabitants bought their freedom from the canons of [[Sallanches]], to whom the priory had been transferred in 1519.
In 1530, the inhabitants obtained from the Count of the Genevois the privilege of holding two fairs a year, while the valley was often visited by the civil officials and by the bishops of [[Geneva]] (first recorded visit in 1411, while St. [[Francis de Sales]] came there in 1606). But travellers for pleasure were very rare.
The first party to publish (1744) an account of their visit was that of Dr. [[Richard Pococke]], Mr. [[William Windham, Sr.|William Windham]] and others, such as the Englishmen who visited the [[Mer de Glace]] in 1741. In 1742 came [[P. Martel]] and several other Genevese, in 1760 [[Horace-Bénédict de Saussure|H.B. de Saussure]],<ref name="WoodburnHyde"/> and rather later [[Marc Theodore Bourrit|Marc Th. Bourrit]].
The growth of tourism in the early 19th century led to the formation of the ''[[Compagnie des Guides de Chamonix]]'' in 1821, to regulate access to the mountain slopes (which were communally or co-operatively owned), and this association held a monopoly of guiding from the town until it was broken by French government action in 1892; thereafter guides were required to hold a diploma issued by a commission dominated by civil servants and members of the [[French Alpine Club]] rather than local residents.
[[File:Zentralbibliothek Zürich - Vallée de Chamonix Traversée de la Mer de Glace - 400017818.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Chamonix Valley: crossing the glacier on foot (between 1902 and 1904)]]
From the late 19th century on, tourist development was dominated by national and international initiatives rather than local entrepreneurs, though the local community was increasingly dependent upon and active in the tourist industry.
The commune successfully lobbied to change its name from Chamonix to Chamonix-Mont-Blanc in 1916. However, following the loss of its monopoly, the ''Compagnie'' reformed as an association of local guides, and retained an important role in local society; it provided the services of a [[friendly society]] to its members, and in the 20th century many of them were noted mountaineers and popularisers of mountain tourism, for example the novelist [[Roger Frison-Roche]], the first member of the ''Compagnie'' not to be born in Chamonix.
The holding of the first Winter Olympic Games in Chamonix in 1924 further raised Chamonix's profile as an international tourist destination.
By the 1960s, agriculture had been reduced to a marginal activity, while the number of tourist beds available rose to around 60,000 by the end of the 20th century, with about 5 million visitors a year.
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==Σημειώσεις - παραπομπές==
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