|
== Παραπομπές ==
{{παραπομπές}}
==External links==
* [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2398/bginfo/trade/time.html&date=2009-10-25+11:27:32 Byzantine ways of reckoning time]
* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chronology#Era_of_Constantinople Era of Constantinople] at Classic Encyclopedia (''Based on 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911'').
* [http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=5547 Russian Calendar (988–1917)]. Charles Ellis, University of Bristol. ''The Literary Encyclopedia''. 25 September 2008.
* [http://www.smso.net/Calendar_era#Christian_era Calendar Era: Late Antiquity and Middle Ages: Christian era] at SMSO Encyclopedia (''Saudi Medical Site Online'').
* Howlett, J. ''[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Biblical Chronology]''. In, ''The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)''. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
* [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/2444/chronology.html&date=2009-10-25+05:47:41 Chronology of the Biblical Patriarchs].
* [[orthodoxwiki:Church Calendar|Church Calendar]] στο Orthodoxwiki.
'''Εβραϊκά Ημερολόγιο'''
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=438&letter=E#1154 Η εποχή της Δημιουργίας] στην Εβραϊκή Εγκυκλοπαίδεια.
* [http://www.polysyllabic.com/calhistory/earlier/jewish The Jewish Calendar] του Karl Hagen (μεσαιωνολόγος).
== Βιβλιογραφία και περαιτέρω ανάγνωση ==
=== Πρωτογενείς πηγές ===
* [[Doukas]]. ''Decline and Fall of Byzantium To The Ottoman Turks''. An Annotated Translation by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1975.
* [[George Syncellus|George Synkellos]]. ''The Chronography of George Synkellos: a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation''. Transl. Prof. Dr. William Adler & Paul Tuffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
* [[Abraham ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]], Abraham ben Meïr, (1092–1167). ''Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Genesis (Bereshit)''. (Vol.1 – Genesis). Transl. and annotated by H. Norman Strickman & Arthur M. Silver. Menorah Pub. Co., New York, N.Y., 1988.
* [[Sextus Julius Africanus|Julius Africanus]]. ''Extant Writings III. The Extant Fragments of the Five Books of the Chronography of Julius Africanus.''
* [[Niketas Choniates]]. ''O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates.'' Transl. by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984.
* [[Pliny the Elder]]. ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Historia Naturalis]]'', XVIII, 210.
* St. [[Basil the Great]]. ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf208.viii.i.html Hexæmeron]''. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, 2nd Series (NPNF2). Transl. Philip Schaff, D.D., LL.D. (1819–1893): '''Volume VIII – Basil: Letters and Select Works'''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan.
* St. [[Hilary of Poitiers]]. ''On the Trinity''. Book IV.
* ''[[Pedalion#Orthodox Churches|The Rudder]] (Pedalion)'': Of the metaphorical ship of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of the Orthodox Christians, or all the sacred and divine canons of the holy and renowned Apostles, of the holy Councils, ecumenical as well as regional, and of individual fathers, as embodied in the original Greek text, for the sake of authenticity, and explained in the vernacular by way of rendering them more intelligible to the less educated.
:Comp. Agapius a Hieromonk and Nicodemus a Monk. First printed and published 1800. Trans. D. Cummings, [from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908], Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957. Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983.
* [[Theophanes the Confessor|Theophanes]]. ''The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813''. Cyril Mango, Roger Scott, Geoffrey Greatrex (Eds.). Oxford University Press, 1997.
* [[Theophilus of Antioch]]. ''Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus.'' Book III. Chap XXIV (Chronology from Adam) – Chap. XXVIII (Leading Chronological Epochs).
=== Δευτερογενής πηγές ===
'''21 αιώνας'''
* Anthony Bryer. "Chronology and Dating". In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon, Robin Cormack . ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=Pnkxofhi4mQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0 The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies].'' Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 31–37.
* Dr. Iaakov Karcz. "[http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/794/1/32Karcz.pdf Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land]". ''Annals of Geophysics'', Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004.
* Fr. Patrick Henry Reardon. ''Creation and the Patriarchal Histories: Orthodox Christian Reflections on the Book of Genesis''. Conciliar Press, 2008.
* Fr. [[Seraphim Rose]]. ''GENESIS, CREATION and EARLY MAN: The Orthodox Christian Vision''. St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, Platina, California, 2000.
* Frederick Deland Leete. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=GNGMe36KdQAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s Christian Brotherhoods]''. Kessinger Publishing, 2003.
* Paul James-Griffiths. ''[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v26/i2/tradition.asp Creation days and Orthodox Jewish Tradition]''. AnswersinGenesis.org. March 2004.
* Paul Stephenson. ''"Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c.700–1204: [http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans/scyl2.html John Skylitzes, "Synopsis Historion"'': ''The Year 6508, in the 13th Indiction: the Byzantine dating system]"''. November 2006.
* Pavel Kuzenkov. ''[http://www.wra1th.plus.com/byzcong/comms/Kuzenkov_paper.pdf How old is the World? The Byzantine era κατα Ρωμαίους and its rivals]''. '''21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies''', London 2006.
* Prof. Charles Ellis (University of Bristol). "[http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=5547 Russian Calendar (988–1917)]". ''The Literary Encyclopedia''. 25 September 2008.
* Prof. Dr. [http://aha.missouri.edu/people/rautman.html Marcus Louis Rautman]. "Time." In ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=hs3iEyVRHKsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Gynaikeion+church+-flower+-witches&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 ''Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire'']. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pp. 3–8.
* Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis. "[http://www.buzzle.com/articles/gueze-ethiopian-the-counterfeit-millennium.html Gueze – ‘Ethiopian’: the Counterfeit Millennium]". September 8, 2007.
* Prof. Dr. Roger T. Beckwith (D.D., D.Litt.). ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=PVCUZ7BTD2gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Enoch+74%22+AND+%22cycle%22&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 Calendar, Chronology, and Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity]''. Brill Academic Publishers, 2005. (''Dr Beckwith served for twenty years on the Anglican-Orthodox Commission'').
* ''The [[Orthodox Study Bible]]''. St. Athanasius Academy of Orthodox Theology. Elk Grove, California, 2008.
'''20ος αιώνας'''
* Barry Setterfield. ''[http://www.setterfield.org/000docs/scriptchron.htm#creation Ancient Chronology in Scripture]''. September 1999.
* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chronology Chronology] at Classic Encyclopedia (''based on 11th ed. of the Encyclopædia Britannica, pub.1911'').
* Dr. [http://www.huc.edu/faculty/faculty/wacholder.shtml Ben Zion Wacholder]. "Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles". in ''The Harvard Theological Review'', Vol.61, No.3 (Jul., 1968), pp. 451–481.
* Dr. [http://www.huc.edu/faculty/faculty/wacholder.shtml Ben Zion Wacholder]. ''Essays on Jewish Chronology and Chronography''. Ktav Pub. House, 1976.
* Dr. Floyd Nolan Jones. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZkBasQYRy4sC&printsec=frontcover Chronology of the Old Testament]''. Master Books, Arizona, 1993. Repr. 2005. ''(supports Ussher's chronology, i.e. 4004 BC).''
* E.G. Richards. ''Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History''. Oxford University Press, 1998.
* Elias J. Bickerman. ''Chronology of the Ancient World''. 2nd edition. Cornell University Press. 1980.
* Fr. [[orthodoxwiki:Stanley S. Harakas|Stanley S. Harakas]]. ''The Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and Answers''. Light & Life Publishing, Minneapolis, 1988.
* George Ogg. "Hippolytus and the Introduction of the Christian Era". in ''Vigiliae Christianae'', Vol.16, No.1 (Mar., 1962), pp. 2–18.
* Howlett, J. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Biblical Chronology]". In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)''. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
* Jack Finegan. ''Handbook of Biblical Chronology: Principles of Time Reckoning in the Ancient World and Problems of Chronology in the Bible''. Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.
* K.A. Worp. ''[https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/9250/1/5_039_134.pdf Chronological Observations on Later Byzantine Documents]''. 1985. University of Amsterdam.
* Prof. Dr. William Adler. ''Time Immemorial: Archaic History and its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus''. Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1989.
* Rev. Philip Schaff (1819–1893), Ed. "Era." ''[[w:Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge|Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge]]'' New Edition, 13 Vols., 1908–14. [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc04/Page_163.html Vol. 4, pp.163].
* Roger S. Bagnall, K. A. Worp. ''The Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt''. Zutphen, 1978.
* V. Grumel. ''La Chronologie''. Presses Universitaires France, Paris. 1958.
* Van der Essen, L. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730b.htm Chronicon Paschale]". In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)''. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
* Yiannis E. Meimaris. ''Chronological Systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia''. Athens, 1992.
'''Του 19ου αιώνα και νωρίτερα'''
* John McClintock, James Strong. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=PsosAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0 Cyclopedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature: Supplement]''. V.2. Harper, 1887.
* Prof. Fr. Arsenius John Baptist Vuibert ([[Society of Saint-Sulpice|S.S.]]). ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=OJQWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=toc&source=gbs_navlinks_s An Ancient History: From the Creation to the Fall of the Western Empire in A.D. 476].'' Baltimore: Foley, 1886.
* [[Samuel Abraham Poznański|Samuel Poznański]]. "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar". in ''The Jewish Quarterly Review'', Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1897), pp. 152–161.
* Sir [[Thomas Browne]]. ''[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/pseudodoxia/pseudo61.html Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Book VI. Ch. 1 – Of sundry common opinions Cosmographical and Historical]''. 1646; 6th ed., 1672. pp. 321–330.
* ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=TqcrAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0 The Popular Encyclopedia: being a general dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, biography, history, and political economy].'' (Vol. 3, Part 1). Glasgow: Blackie and Son, 1841.
* Thomas Spencer Baynes. "[http://books.google.ca/books?id=HKgMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s Chronology: Era of the Creation of the World.”] ''The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature''. 9th Ed., Vol. 5. A. & C. Black, 1833. pp. 709–754.
[[Κατηγορία:Ημερολόγια]]
| 