Γενικός Γραμματέας των Ηνωμένων Εθνών: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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imported>DGent
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Nick.mon (συζήτηση | συνεισφορές)
Γραμμή 55:
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 class="wikitable"
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!No.!!Portrait!!Secretary-General!!Dates in office!!Country of origin!!UN Regional Group!! Reason of withdrawal !!Ref.
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|rowspan="2"| <center>''''''</center> ||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Sr. Gladwyn Jebb.jpg|80px]]||'''[[Gladwyn Jebb]]'''||24 October 1945 – <br>1 February 1946||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||Western European & Others||Served as [[Acting (law)|Acting]] Secretary-General until Lie's election||<ref>{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E2D61E30F935A15753C1A960958260 |title=Lord Gladwyn Is Dead at 96; Briton Helped Found the UN | publisher=NY Times | accessdate=31 October 2008 | first=David | last=Stout | date=26 October 1996}}</ref>
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|colspan="6"| After World War&nbsp;II, he served as Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations in August 1945, being appointed Acting United Nations Secretary-General from October 1945 to February 1946 until the appointment of the first Secretary-General Trygve Lie.
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''1'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Trygve Lie.jpg|80px]]||'''[[Trygve Lie]]'''||2 February 1946 – <br>10 November 1952||{{flag|Norway}}||Western European & Others||Resigned||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg1bio.html ''Trygve Haldvan Lie (Norway)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"| Lie, a foreign minister and former labour leader, was recommended by the Soviet Union to fill the post. After the UN involvement in the [[Korean War]], the Soviet Union vetoed Lie's reappointment in 1951. The United States circumvented the Soviet Union's veto and recommended reappointment directly to the General Assembly. Lie was reappointed by a vote of 46 to 5, with eight abstentions. The Soviet Union remained hostile to Lie, and he resigned in 1952.<ref name="una-usa-fact">{{cite web | url=http://www.unausa.org/atf/cf/%7B49C555AC-20C8-4B43-8483-A2D4C1808E4E%7D/SG%20Reform%20Fact%20Sheet-fina-logol.pdf |title=An Historical Overview on the Selection of United Nations Secretaries-General | publisher=UNA-USA | accessdate=30 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071025014319/http://www.unausa.org/atf/cf/%7b49C555AC-20C8-4B43-8483-A2D4C1808E4E%7d/SG+Reform+Fact+Sheet-fina-logol.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 25 October 2007}}</ref>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''2'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Dag Hammarskjöld cropped.JPG|80px]]||'''[[Dag Hammarskjöld]]'''||10 April 1953 – <br>18 September 1961|| {{flag|Sweden}}||Western European & Others||Died in a plane crash in [[Northern Rhodesia]] (now [[Zambia]]), while on a peacekeeping mission to the Congo.||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg2bio.html ''Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"| After a series of candidates were vetoed, Hammarskjöld emerged as an option that was acceptable to the Security Council. Hammarskjöld was re-elected unanimously to a second term in 1957. The Soviet Union was angered by Hammarskjöld's leadership of the UN during the [[Congo Crisis]], and suggested that the position of Secretary-General be replaced by a [[Troika (triumvirate)|troika]], or three-man executive. Facing great opposition from the Western nations, the Soviet Union gave up on its suggestion. Hammarskjöld was killed in a plane crash in [[Northern Rhodesia]] (now [[Zambia]]) in 1961.<ref name="una-usa-fact"/> U.S.&nbsp;President [[John F. Kennedy]] called Hammarskjöld "the greatest statesman of our century".<ref>Linnér, S. (2007). ''[http://www.dhf.uu.se/pdffiler/Dh_lecture_2007.pdf Dag Hammarskjöld and the Congo crisis, 1960–61]''. Page 28. Uppsala University. (22 July 2008).</ref>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''3'''<center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:U-Thant-10617.jpg|80px]]||'''[[U Thant]]'''||30 November 1961 – <br>31 December 1971||{{flag|Burma|1974}}||Asian||Declined to stand for a third election.||<ref>United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg3bio.html ''U Thant (Myanmar)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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| colspan="6" | In the process of replacing Hammarskjöld, the developing world insisted on a non-European and non-American. U&nbsp;Thant was nominated. However, due to opposition from the French (Thant had chaired a committee on [[Algerian independence]]) and the Arabs (Burma supported [[Israel]]), Thant was only appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Thant was the first Asian Secretary-General. The following year, on November 30, Thant was unanimously re-elected to a new term ending on 3 November 1966 . He was re-elected on 2 December 1966, finally for a full 5 years term, until 31 December 1971. Thant did not seek a third election.<ref name="una-usa-fact"/>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''4'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-M0921-014, Beglaubigungsschreiben DDR-Vertreter in UNO new.png|80px]]||'''[[Kurt Waldheim]]'''||1 January 1972 – <br>31 December 1981||{{flag|Austria}}||Western European & Others||China vetoed his third term.||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg4bio.html ''Kurt Waldheim (Austria)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"| Waldheim launched a discreet but effective campaign to become the Secretary-General. Despite initial vetoes from China and the United Kingdom, in the third round, Waldheim was selected to become the new Secretary-General. In 1976, China initially blocked Waldheim's re-election, but it relented on the second ballot. In 1981, Waldheim's re-election for a third term was blocked by China, which vetoed his selection through 15 rounds. In the mid-1980s, it was revealed that a post-World War&nbsp;II [[United Nations War Crimes Commission|UN War Crimes Commission]] had labeled Waldheim as a suspected [[war criminal]]&nbsp;– based on his involvement with the [[German Army (1935–1945)|''Wehrmacht Heer'']] army of Nazi Germany. The files had been stored in the UN archive.<ref name="una-usa-fact"/>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''5'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1982).jpg|80px]]||'''[[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]]'''||1 January 1982 – <br>31 December 1991||{{flag|Peru}}||Latin American & Caribbean||Did not stand for a third term.||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg5bio.html ''Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"| Pérez de Cuéllar was selected after a five-week deadlock between the re-election of Waldheim and China's candidate, [[Salim Ahmed Salim]] of [[Tanzania]]. Pérez de Cuéllar, a [[Peru]]vian diplomat, was a compromise candidate, and the first Secretary-General from the Americas. He was re-elected unanimously in 1986.<ref name="una-usa-fact"/>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''6'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[File:Naelachohanboutrosghali-2.jpg|80px]]||'''[[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]]'''||1 January 1992 – <br>31 December 1996||{{flag|Egypt}}||African||The United States vetoed his second term.||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/Overview/SG/sg6bio.html ''Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt)'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"|The 102-member [[Non-Aligned Movement]] insisted that the next Secretary-General come from Africa. With a majority in the General Assembly and the support of China, the Non-Aligned Movement had the votes necessary to block any unfavourable candidate. The Security Council conducted five anonymous [[straw poll]]s—a first for the council—and Boutros-Ghali emerged with 11 votes on the fifth round. In 1996, the United States vetoed the re-appointment of Boutros-Ghali, claiming he had failed in implementing necessary reforms to the UN.<ref name="una-usa-fact"/>
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''7'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Kofi Annan.jpg|80px]]||'''[[Kofi Annan]]'''||1 January 1997 – <br> 31 December 2006 ||{{flag|Ghana}}||African||Retired after two full terms||<ref>The United Nations: [http://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/pages/sg_biography.html ''The Biography of Kofi A. Annan'']. Accessed 13 December 2006.</ref>
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|colspan="6"|On 13 December 1996, the [[United Nations Security Council]] recommended Annan.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Kofi Annan of Ghana recommended by Security Council for appointment as Secretary-General of United Nations |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=13 December 1996 |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19961213.bio3051.html |accessdate=2006-12-12}}</ref><ref name="traub book">{{Cite book|last=Traub |first=James | authorlink = James Traub |title=''The Best Intentions'' |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]] |year=2006 |location=New York |pages=66–67 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=chP1YnYFTKYC |isbn=978-0-374-18220-5}}</ref> He was confirmed four days later by the vote of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]],<ref>{{cite press release |title=General Assembly appoints Kofi Annan of Ghana as seventh Secretary-General |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=17 December 1996 |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1996/19961217.ga9208.html |accessdate=2006-12-12}}</ref> He started his second term as Secretary-General on 1 January 2002.
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|rowspan="2"|<center>'''8'''</center>||rowspan="2"|[[Image:Ban Ki-moon by UNDP.jpg|80px]]||'''[[Ban Ki-moon]]'''||1 January 2007–<br>present ||{{flag|South Korea}}||Asia-Pacific||Incumbent||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusRel.asp?infocusID=122&Body=Ban+Ki-moon |title=Ban Ki-moon is sworn in as next Secretary-General of the United Nations |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
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|colspan="6"|Ban became the second Asian to be selected as the Secretary-General. He was unanimously elected to a second term by the General Assembly on 21 June 2011. His second term began on 1 January 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/ban-ki-moon-gets-second-term-as-un-chief/article2070407/ |title=Ban Ki-moon gets second term as UN chief |publisher=Globe and Mail |date=22 June 2011}}</ref> Prior to his selection, he was the Foreign Minister of the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] from January 2004 to November 2006.