Νομοί της Ελλάδας: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

Περιεχόμενο που διαγράφηκε Περιεχόμενο που προστέθηκε
Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας
Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας
Γραμμή 4:
 
Στους νομούς δεν συμπεριλαμβάνεται το [[Άγιο Όρος]], το οποίο ορίζεται ως «Αυτόνομη Μοναστική Πολιτεία» ευρισκόμενη εντός της χώρας, αλλά υπαγόμενη σε ειδικό καθεστώς.
 
===(Μετάφραση)===
During the [[Administrative division of Greece (1833)|first administrative division]] of [[Kingdom of Greece|independent Greece]] in 1833–1836 and again from 1845 until their abolition with the [[Kallikratis reform]] in 2010, the '''prefectures''' ({{lang-el|νομοί, [[translit.]] ''nomoi''; sing.: νομός, translit. ''nomós''}}) were the country's main administrative unit. They are now defunct, and have been approximately replaced by [[regional units of Greece|regional units]].
 
They are called [[department (country subdivision)|department]]s in [[ISO 3166-2:GR]] and by the [[United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names]].<ref>[[United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names]]: ''Administrative Division of Greece'' (Working Paper N° 95), New York 2000, ([http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/ungegn/session-20/working-papers/working-paper-95.pdf PDF], 1,3 MB)]</ref>
 
The prefectures were the second-degree organization of local government, grouped into 13 [[modern regions of Greece|regions]] or (before 1987) 10 [[Traditional geographic divisions of Greece|geographical departments]], and in turn divided into [[provinces of Greece|provinces]] and comprising a number of [[Communities and Municipalities of Greece|communities and municipalities]]. The prefectures became self-governing entities in 1994, when the first prefectural-level elections took place. The prefects were previously appointed by the government. By 2010, their number had risen to 51, of which one, the [[Attica Prefecture]], where more than a third of the country's population resided, was further subdivided into four prefecture-level administrations (νομαρχίες, sing. νομαρχία). In addition, there were three [[Super-prefectures of Greece|super-prefectures]] (υπερνομαρχίες, sing. υπερνομαρχία) controlling two or more prefectures.
 
With the Kallikratis reform, which entered into force on 1 January 2011, the prefectures were abolished. Many, especially in the mainland, were retained in the form of ''[[regional units of Greece|regional units]]'' (περιφερειακές ενότητες) within the empowered regions, which largely took over the prefectures' administrative role.
 
== Organization ==
The current "Prefectural Self-Governments" were formed in 1994<ref>Law 2218/1994</ref> and replaced the previous prefectures, whose councils and prefects were appointed by the government.
 
Prefectures are governed by a Prefectural Council (νομαρχιακό συμβούλιο) made up of 21 to 37 members,<ref>Articles 13 and 14 of the "Code of Prefectural Self-Government" (Presidential Decree 30/1996)</ref> led by the Prefect (νομάρχης) and presided by a Council President (πρόεδρος).
 
Other organs of the prefectures are:
* The Prefectural Committee, consisted of the Prefect or an assistant appointed by him and 4 to 6 members, elected by the Prefectural Council.<ref>Article 15 of the Code of Prefectural Self-Government</ref>
* The [[Provinces of Greece|Provincial Council]] and
* The [[Provinces of Greece|Eparchos]] (Sub-prefect, έπαρχος).
 
[[Super-prefectures of Greece|Super-prefectures]] have their own organs (Council, Committee and Super-prefect).
 
Prefectural councillors are elected via public election every four years. Three-fifths of all seats go to the combination winning a majority and two-fifths of the seats go to remaining parties based on a proportional system. Prefect becomes the president of the victorious electoral combination. Electoral is a combination which attains more than 42% in the first round of the prefectural elections. If no combination passes this threshold, a second round takes place between the two combinations that took the most votes in the first round<ref>According to the legislative reform of 2006 (Law 3463/2006). See also the circular 12 of the Ministry of Interior Affairs about the upcoming local elections.</ref>
 
== Duties (Μετάφραση) ==
The State ultimately oversees the actions of local governments, including the prefectures, but the [[Constitution of Greece]]<ref>Article 102 of the Constitution</ref> and the Code of Prefectural Self-Government<ref>Articles 1 and 8 of the Code of Prefectural Self-Government</ref> still provide communities and municipalities with legal control over the administration of their designated areas.
 
The Code of Prefectural Self-Government does not include a non-restrictive list of prefectural duties, but a general rule, according to which the newly formed Prefectural Self-Governments have all the duties of the previous prefectures, which are related to their local affairs.<ref>About the meaning of local affairs see the Decision 888/1997 of the [[Council of State (Greece)|Council of State]].</ref> Nonetheless, the affairs of "(central) state administration" belonging to the prefects before 1994 are now exerted by the Presidents of the Regions (περιφερειάρχης).<ref>Articles 3 and 8 of the Code of Prefectural Self-Government</ref> The current Prefectural Self-Governments have kept the "local affairs of prefectureal level" not belonging to the "(central) state administration".<ref>See the Decision 3441/1998 of the Council of State.</ref>
 
With certain laws specific affairs of certain ministries were transferred to the Prefectural Self-Governments (sanitary committees, urban-planning services etc.).<ref>See the Law 2647/1998 for instance.</ref>
 
==Οι 51 Νομοί==