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[[Image:Massimo D'Alema 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ο Μάσιμο ντ' Αλέμα]]
{{Infobox Prime Minister
Ο '''Μάσιμο ντ' Αλέμα''' (''Massimo D'Alema'') είναι [[Ιταλία|Ιταλός]] πολιτικός, σημερινός Υπουργός Εξωτερικών και Αντιπρόεδρος της Κυβέρνησης της χώρας. Είναι δημοσιογράφος, πρώην γραμματέας του Κόμματος της Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς (''PDS, Partito Democratico della Sinistra'') και ο πρώτος Πρωθυπουργός της χώρας που προερχόταν από το [[Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ιταλίας|Ιταλικό Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα]].
| honorific-prefix = <small><small>[[Italian honorifics|Onorevole]]</small></small> <br>
| name = Massimo D'Alema
| image = Massimo D'Alema 1.jpg
| order = [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br> and [[Prime Minister of Italy|Deputy Prime Minister]]
| term_start = [[17 May]] [[2006]]
| term_end =
| primeminister = [[Romano Prodi]]
| deputy = [[Ugo Intini]] <br> [[Patrizia Sentinelli]] <br> [[Franco Danieli]]
| predecessor = [[Gianfranco Fini]]
| successor = [[Incumbent]]
| order2 = 76th <br> [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy]]
| president2 = [[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]] <br> [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]
| deputy2 = [[Sergio Mattarella]]
| term_start2 = [[21 October]] [[1998]]
| term_end2 = [[25 April]] [[2000]]
| predecessor2 = [[Romano Prodi]]
| successor2 = [[Giuliano Amato]]
| order3 = [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Member of the Chamber of deputies]]
| constituency3 = XXI - Puglia
| term_start3 = [[April 21]], [[2006]]
| term_end3 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|4|20|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| nationality = [[Italians|Italian]]
| alma_mater = [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]]
| spouse = Linda Giuva
| children = Giulia D'Alema <br> Francesco D'Alema
| profession = [[Politician]] <br> [[Journalist]]
| residence = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
}}
==Βιογραφία==
'''Massimo D'Alema''' (born [[April 20]], [[1949]]) is an [[Italy|Italian]] politician, currently [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs]] and Vice President of the Council of Ministers of Italy. He is also a [[journalist]], a former national secretary of the PDS, [[Partito Democratico della Sinistra]], and he was the first [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] coming from [[Italian Communist Party]].
Ο Μάσιμο ντ' Αλέμα γεννήθηκε στη [[Ρώμη]], γιος του κομμουνιστή πολιτικού Giuseppe D'Alema. Ξεκίνησε σπουδές [[φιλοσοφία|φιλοσοφίας]] στην περίφημη ''Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa'', τις οποίες όμως ποτέ δεν ολοκλήρωσε. Παντρεύτηκε την Linda Giuva, καθηγήτρια του Πανεπιστημίου της Σιένας, με την οποία απέκτησε δύο παιδιά.
Η πρώτη πολιτική κίνηση του Μάσιμο ντ' Αλέμα έγινε στη [[δεκαετία του 1970]], όταν εξελέγη γραμματέας της Ιταλικής Ομοσπονδίας Νέων Κομμουνιστών. Αργότερα εξελίχθηκε σε σημαίνον στέλεχος του Ιταλικού Κ.Κ., μέρος του οποίου σχημάτισε το 1991 το Κόμμα της Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς (PDS) και το 1998 τη «Δημοκρατική Αριστερά» (DS), το σημερινό του κόμμα. Το 1998 έγινε πρωθυπουργός, ως αρχηγός του αριστερού «Συνασπισμού της Ελιάς», διαδεχόμενος τον [[Ρομάνο Πρόντι]]. Κατά τη διάρκεια της πρωθυπουργίας του, η Ιταλία συμμετείχε στη ΝΑΤΟϊκή επιχείρηση βομβαρδισμού της [[Σερβία|Σερβίας]]. Ο [[Σίλβιο Μπερλουσκόνι]] και η δεξιά αντιπολίτευση υποστήριξε την απόφαση αυτή, ενώ η αριστερά την καταδίκασε έντονα.
==Biography==
Massimo D'Alema was born in [[Rome]], the son of [[Giuseppe D'Alema]], a communist politician. He is married to Linda Giuva, a professor at the [[University of Siena]], and has two children, Giulia and Francesco.
Σε όλη την περίοδο της κομματικής του καριέρας, ιδίως κατά τη μετάβαση από «Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα» (PCI) σε «Κόμμα της Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς» (PDS), ο ντ'Αλέμα υποστήριξε την αποκοπή από τις κομμουνιστικές ρίζες και τη μετεξέλιξη του κόμματος σε σύγχρονο, ευρωπαϊκό, σοσιαλδημοκρατικό κόμμα. Υπήρξε διευθυντής της εφημερίδας «''L'Unità''», οργάνου του Κομμουνιστικού Κόμματος και σήμερα της «Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς».
D'Alema first step in politics were in the [[1970s]] as secretary of the Italian Federation of Young Communists ([[FGCI]]). He later became a notable member of [[Italian Communist Party]], part of which in 1991 gave origin to the [[Democratic Party of the Left]] (PDS), and in 1998 to the [[Democrats of the Left]] (DS), his current party. In 1998, succeeding [[Romano Prodi]], he became [[President of the Council]] (''Prime minister''), as the leader of the "[[Olive Tree]]" leftist coalition.
Διετέλεσε Ευρωβουλευτής της Δημοκρατικής Αριστεράς από το 2004 μέχρι την παραίτησή του λόγω της εκλογής του στο Ιταλικό Κοινοβούλιο. Προτάθηκε για Πρόεδρος της Ιταλικής Δημοκρατίας μετά την εκλογική νίκη του Ρομάνο Πρόντι στις εκλογές του 2006, αλλά ο ίδιος αποσύρθηκε και υποστήριξε τον [[Τζιόρτζιο Ναπολιτάνο]], ο οποίος και εξελέγη. Προτάθηκε επίσης για τη θέση του Προέδρου της Βουλής, αλλά η «Κομμουνιστική Επανίδρυση» επέμεινε στην εκλογή του δικού της υποψηφίου. Έτσι, ορίστηκε Υπουργός Εξωτερικών της χώρας.
As President of the Council, he took part in the [[NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] in [[1999]]. The attack was supported by [[Silvio Berlusconi]] and the [[right wing]] opposition, but the [[far left]] strongly contested it.
Έχει λάβει τιμητικές διακρίσεις από τη [[Χιλή]], τη [[Νότια Κορέα]] και την [[Παλαιστινιακή Αρχή]], ενώ είναι μέλος της [[Γαλλία|γαλλικής]] «Λεγεώνας της Τιμής».
In the internal life of his party, mostly during its transition from PCI to PDS, D'Alema stressed that its Communist roots should be renovated, with the aim to create a modern, european, social-democratic party with no more bond with the [[marxist]] origin.
== Συγγραφικό έργο==
He has been the director of ''[[L'Unità]]'', the official Communist Party's [[newspaper]], which is now the newspaper of the [[Democrats of the Left]].
Ο Μάσιμο ντ' Αλέμα εξέδωσε οκτώ βιβλία, τα μισά εκ των οποίων από τον εκδοτικό οίκο «Mondadori», ιδιοκτησίας του πολιτικού του αντιπάλου Σίλβιο Μπερλουσκόνι. Για το γεγονός αυτό υπέστη κριτική από αριστερούς, οι οποίοι υποστηρίζουν ότι εξ αυτού του λόγου είναι υπερβολικά «μαλακός» με τον Μπερλουσκόνι.
*''Dialogo su Berlinguer'' («Διάλογος για τον Berlinguer»), με τον Paul Ginsborg, Giunti, [[1994]], ISBN 88-09-20545-6;
He was [[Member of the European Parliament]] for [[European Parliament Election, 2004 (Italy)#Seats|Southern Italy]] with the [[Democrats of the Left]], part of the [[Party of European Socialists|Socialist Group]], and sat on the [[European Parliament]]'s [[Committee on Fisheries]] and its [[Committee on Foreign Affairs]], until he stood down following his election to the Chamber of Deputies.
*''Un paese normale. La sinistra e il futuro dell'Italia'' («Μια κανονική χώρα. Η αριστερά και το μέλλον της Ιταλίας»), Mondadori, [[1995]], ISBN 88-04-40847-2;
*''Progettare il futuro'' («Διαμορφώνοντας το μέλλον»), Bompiani, [[1996]], ISBN 88-452-2883-5;
*''La sinistra nell'Italia che cambia'' («Η αριστερά στην Ιταλία που αλλάζει»), Feltrinelli, [[1997]], ISBN 88-07-47013-6
*''La grande occasione. L'Italia verso le riforme'' («Η μεγάλη ευκαιρία. Η Ιταλία προς τις μεταρρυθμίσεις»), Mondadori, [[1997]], ISBN 88-04-42161-4;
*''Parole a vista'' («Λόγια στη θέα»), με τον Enrico Ghezzi, Bompiani, [[1998]], ISBN 88-452-3777-X;
*''Kosovo. Gli italiani e la guerra'' («Κοσσυφοπέδιο. Οι Ιταλοί και ο πόλεμος»), με τον Federico Rampini, Mondadori, [[1999]], ISBN 88-04-47302-9;
*''Oltre la paura'' («Πέρα από το φόβο»), Mondadori, [[2002]], ISBN 88-04-51206-7.
==Παραπομπές==
He was initially tipped to become the next [[President of the Italian Republic]] once the [[Chamber of Deputies]] reconvenes following [[Romano Prodi]]'s win in the [[Italian general election, 2006|April 2006 elections]], but D'Alema himself stepped back endorsing the official candidate of the centre-left coalition [[Giorgio Napolitano]], who then became the 11th [[President of the Italian Republic]].
Immediately following the elections in [[April 2006]], he was proposed as the future President of the Chamber of Deputies. The [[Communist Refoundation]] party, however, strongly pushed for [[Fausto Bertinotti]] to become the next President. After a couple of days of heated debate, D'Alema stepped back to prevent a fracture between political parties, an act applauded by his allies. The same month, he was appointed [[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in the new Prodi government.
<!--THIS IS NEWS. PLEASE RE-ELABORATE IT
==2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict==
'''August 21''': Massimo D'Alema will meet Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni in [[Rome]] on August 24 to discuss the peacekeeping effort. The dangers of the mission for Italian troops have sparked warnings from the center-right opposition that it could prove a "kamikaze" mission, with the peacekeepers sandwiched between Israel and the well-armed Hezbollah.<ref name=Haaretz-08-22>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/753518.html|title=Italy to send up to 3,000 troops to Lebanon, largest pledge so far|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|date=[[2006-08-22]]|accessdate=2006-08-22}}</ref>Iran wants [[Italy]] to negotiate the release of two Israel Defense Forces soldiers, [[Eldad Regev]] and [[Ehud Goldwasser]], who are alive but not in "great" condition following their kidnapping by Hezbollah last month, an Italian senator told [[Reuters]]. Sergio De Gregorio, head of Italy's Senate defense committee, said Iran's national security chief [[Ali Larijani]] had told him personally that he would ask Hezbollah, which is backed by Iran and Syria, to negotiate with Italy. "It appears that they [the soldiers] are in good condition, but not great. They are alive," De Gregorio told Reuters in an interview. He did not elaborate about the circumstances of the conversation. He said Iran preferred that any hostage negotiations take place with Italy's military intelligence agency, [[SISMI|Sismi]], or, as a second choice, with Italy's Foreign Minister Massimo D'Alema. Italy is one of Iran biggest trading partners. If confirmed, the negotiating role would put Italy in a privileged position - especially after Israel's request that Italian forces lead an international peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon. "Italy has excellent relations with Israel and good relations with Iran, as we are the top trade partner," De Gregorio said. "So it could be a great hinge between Israel and Iran, between Israel and Hezbollah, let's say, even if the spiritual leader of Hezbollah is in Iran."<ref name=Haaretz 753148">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/753148.html|title=Italian senator: Iran wants Italy to negotiate for IDF soldiers|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|date=[[2006-08-21]]|accessdate=2006-08-21}}</ref>
'''August 22''': Italy is expected to lead the force and Foreign Minister Massimo D'Alema called for a special meeting of [[European Union]] foreign ministers as early as August 25 in [[Brussels]] to sort out how many troops other EU nations would contribute. D'Alema estimated that Italy's commitment - the biggest so far by any nation - would represent about one third of the total sent from Europe. That would put the European contingent at anywhere from 6,000 to 9,000 troops in a force authorized by the United Nations to total up to 15,000. European contingents are considered vital if the United Nations is to assemble an advance party of 3,500 troops by September 2.<ref name=Haaretz-08-22>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/753518.html|title=Italy to send up to 3,000 troops to Lebanon, largest pledge so far|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|date=[[2006-08-22]]|accessdate=2006-08-22}}</ref>Massimo D'Alema will meet Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni in [[Rome]] on August 24 to discuss the peacekeeping effort. The dangers of the mission for Italian troops have sparked warnings from the center-right opposition that it could prove a "kamikaze" mission, with the peacekeepers sandwiched between Israel and the well-armed Hezbollah. Ahead of talks on August 24 with his Israeli counterpart, D'Alema said that even Italy would be unable to send troops to Lebanon as long as Israel "keeps shooting." "From Israel, we expect a renewed effort, this time truly binding, to respect the cease-fire," D'Alema told [[La Repubblica]] newspaper, two days after Israel asked Italy to lead the force. "It's fair to expect that Hezbollah put down their weapons, but we cannot send our troops to Lebanon if the [Israeli] army keeps shooting." Beyond Italy, European troops would also come from [[Spain]], [[Belgium]] and the [[Netherlands]]. D'Alema held out hope that [[France]] might reconsider its offer of only 200 troops. It had originally been expected to contribute at least 2,000. "In the end I think that even the French will be present in a more hefty fashion," he said. "Even if France does not reconsider it, we will go ahead anyway." He said [[Germany]] would contribute financial resources and "mezzi," a vague word in Italian which could mean anything from land vehicles to aircraft. He also said Germany could offer specialist teams on the ground. <ref name=Haaretz-08-22>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/753518.html|title=Italy to send up to 3,000 troops to Lebanon, largest pledge so far|publisher=[[Haaretz]]|date=[[2006-08-22]]|accessdate=2006-08-22}}</ref>
'''August 24''': Massimo D'Alema, the Italian foreign minister, suggested in Rome that rules of engagement were already clear enough because the United Nations had authorized the force to use weapons in self-defense and to defend civilians. “If the international forces find themselves confronted with acts of hostility, they should inevitably react with force, as shown by the international mandate,” said Mr. D’Alema. “If somebody violates the ‘Blue Line’ with hostile acts, the international forces should react as foreseen by the rules of engagement,” Mr. D’Alema added. Mr. D’Alema pledged Italy’s willingness to enforce the United Nations resolution on Lebanon and urged other European Union member states to do the same because the stability of the Middle East should be a chief concern for Europeans. “We are convinced that this could represent a change for the entire region,” said Mr. D’Alema at a joint press conference in Rome with the Israeli foreign minister, [[Tzipi Livni]].<ref name=NewYorkTimes-08-24>{{cite news|title=France Pledges More Troops to Lebanon|date=[[2006-08-24]]|publisher=[[New York Times]]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/24/world/middleeast/24cnd-force.html?hp&ex=1156478400&en=46313588d9065f6f&ei=5094&partner=homepage}}</ref>-->
==Education==
* 1967: Secondary school-leaving [[certificate]] in [[classical antiquity|classical]] subjects
* Did not complete studies in [[philosophy]] at the famed [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]].
* 1982: Professional journalist
==Career==
=== Party ===
* 1975-1980: National Secretary of the [[FGCI]]
* 1981-1986: Regional Secretary of the [[Italian Communist Party|PCI]] in [[Apulia]]
* 1986-1989: Editor of the daily newspaper ''[[L'Unità]]''
* 1986-1992: Member of the [[Italian Communist Party|PCI/PDS]] national secretariat
* 1992-1994: Chairman of the [[PDS]] Members of Parliament
* 1994-1999: leader of the [[Democrats of the Left|PDS-DS]]
* Chairman of the [[Democrats of the Left|DS]]
* since 1996: Vice-Chairman of the [[Socialist International]]
=== Institutions ===
* 1970-1976: [[Town councillor]] of [[Pisa]]
* 1985-1987: [[Regional Councillor]] of [[Apulia]]
* 1987-2004: Chairman of the parliamentary group
* 1987-present: Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Italy]]
* 1996-1998: Chairman of the committee for constitutional reform
* 1998-2000: [[Prime Minister|President of the Council of ministers]]
* since 2006: [[Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
=== Awards ===
* Supreme awards (from the Republic of [[Chile]], [[South Korea]], and [[State of Palestine|Palestine]])
* Grand Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] of the French Republic
''See also:'' [[European Parliament election, 2004 (Italy)]]
== Books ==
Massimo D'Alema published eight books, half of which with [[Mondadori]], which is owned by [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. He received criticism for this, as he is perceived by part of left-wingers to be too soft on Berlusconi, and the publishing of his books was seen by them as a kind of payback.
*''Dialogo su Berlinguer'' ("Dialogue on [[Enrico Berlinguer|Berlinguer]]"), with [[Paul Ginsborg]], [[Giunti]], [[1994]], ISBN 88-09-20545-6;
*''Un paese normale. La sinistra e il futuro dell'Italia'' ("A normal country. The left wing and Italy's future"), Mondadori, [[1995]], ISBN 88-04-40847-2;
*''Progettare il futuro'' ("Shaping the future"), [[Bompiani]], [[1996]], ISBN 88-452-2883-5;
*''La sinistra nell'Italia che cambia'' ("The left wing in the changing Italy"), [[Feltrinelli]], [[1997]], ISBN 88-07-47013-6
*''La grande occasione. L'Italia verso le riforme'' ("The great chance. Italy towards reforms"), Mondadori, [[1997]], ISBN 88-04-42161-4;
*''Parole a vista'' ("Words on sight"), with [[Enrico Ghezzi]], Bompiani, [[1998]], ISBN 88-452-3777-X;
*''Kosovo. Gli italiani e la guerra'' ("[[Kosovo]]. Italians and war"), with [[Federico Rampini]], Mondadori, [[1999]], ISBN 88-04-47302-9;
*''Oltre la paura'' ("Beyond fear"), Mondadori, [[2002]], ISBN 88-04-51206-7.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Εξωτερικές συνδέσεις==
==External links==
* [http://www.massimodalema.it/ PersonalΠροσωπική websiteιστοσελίδα]
*{{CIDOB|europa/italia/massimo_d_alema}}
* {{EP MEP info/6th term|28431|of Massimo D'Alema}}
* {{Declaration of financial interests of the 6th term|28431_06-07-2004.PDF|it}}
{{s-start}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Italy]]|years=1998 – 2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Giuliano Amato]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gianfranco Fini]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs]] and [[Prime Minister of Italy|Deputy Prime Minister]]|years=2006 - present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-par}}
{{s-bef|before=Title jointly held}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]] <br> Legislatures <br> X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV|years=1987 - present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Achille Occhetto]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of the Democrats of the Left]]|years=1994 - 1998}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Walter Veltroni]]}}
{{s-prec|italy}}
{{s-bef|before=''Vice Presidents of the italian Chamber of Deputies''}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Italian order of precedence]]'''<br />''Deputy Prime Minister of Italy''<br/> with [[Francesco Rutelli]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Giovanni Maria Flick]]'''<br />''Vice President of the italian Constitutional Court''}}
{{end}}
{{Πρωθυπουργοί της Ιταλίας}}
{{Prime ministers of Italy}}
{{Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs}}
{{G8-Foreign}}
{{Prodi Cabinet}}
{{Secretary of the Democrats of the Left}}
[[Κατηγορία:Ιταλοί πολιτικοί|Ντ'Αλέμα]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalema, Massimo}}
[[Κατηγορία:Ιταλοί Πρωθυπουργοί|Ντ'Αλέμα]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Κατηγορία:Γεννήσεις το 1936|Ντ'Αλέμα]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Democratic Party of the Left and Democrats of the Left Party members]]
[[Category:Members of the European Parliament from Italy]]
[[Category:Members of the Italian Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the Socialist Group from Italy]]
[[Category:People from Rome (city)]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Italy]]
[[Category:Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs]]
[[Category:University of Pisa alumni]]
[[bn:মাসিমো দালেমা]]
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[[elen:Massimo D'Alema]]
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[[fr:Massimo D'Alema]]
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