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Fairey Battle: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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Γραμμή 1:
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{infoboxInfobox Aircraft
|name = Fairey Battle
|type = [[Light bomber]]
|manufacturer = [[Fairey Aviation]]
|image = Image:Fairey_Battle.jpg
|caption =
|designer = Marcel Lobelle
|first flight = [[1936-03-10 March]] [[1936 in aviation|1936]]
|introduced = June [[1937 in aviation|1937]]
|retired =[[1949 in aviation|1949]]
|status =4 remain in museums
|primary user = [[Royal Air Force]]
|more users = [[Belgium Air Force]] <br />[[Royal Australian Air Force]] (trainer)<br />[[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (trainer)<br><!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.-->
|produced = 1937- 1941<!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
|number built = 2,185
|unit cost =
|variants with their own articles =
}}
The '''Fairey Battle''' was a [[United Kingdom|British]] single-engined [[light bomber]]. It was built by [[Fairey Aviation]] in the late [[1930s]] for the [[Royal Air Force]]. The Battle was powered by the same [[Rolls-Royce Merlin]] piston engine that gave the contemporary [[Supermarine Spitfire]] its high performance; however, the Battle was weighed down with a three-man crew and a bomb load. It was slow, limited in range and highly vulnerable to attack. During the [[Battle of France]] in 1940, the Fairey Battle recorded the first RAF aerial victory of the Second World War. Despite this claim, it sustained terrible casualties and was pulled form the front lines.
 
==Design and development==
The original Battle was designed to [[List of Air Ministry specifications|Specification P.27/32]] as a two-seat day bomber, to replace the ageing [[Hawker Hart]] and [[Hawker Hind]] [[biplane]] bombers. The prototype Battle first flew on [[10 March]] [[1936 in aviation|1936]].When the RAF embarked on the pre-war expansion programme, the Battle became a priority production target with 2,419 ordered. <ref> name="Moyes">Moyes, 1971Philip, pJ.R. ''The Fairey Battle''. "Aircraft in Profile Volume 2," page 120. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications, 1971. ISBN 0-85383-011-8.</ref> The first production order was for 155 Battles, built to Specification P.23/35 with the first production aircraft completed in June [[1937]] at Fairey's [[Stockport]] factory. It was tested at their Manchester (Ringway) facility.
 
Production Battles were powered by the [[Rolls Royce Merlin]] I, II, III and V, and took their Mark numbers from the powerplant (ie., a Battle Mk II was powered by a Merlin II). Later production to Specification 32/36 was 1,029 aircraft produced by the [[Austin Motors]] "[[Shadow Factory]]" at [[Longbridge]].
 
The Battle's standard payload of four 250 lb (110 kg) bombs was carried in cells inside the wings. An additional 500 lb of bombs could be carried in under-wing racks. Replacing the RAF's Hawker Harts and Hinds when it entered service in 1937, the Battle was obsolescent as fighter technology had soon outstripped the modest performance gains that the light bomber possessed over its biplane antecedents. <ref> name="Taylor">Taylor 1969, pJohn W. R. ''Fairey Battle''. "Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present," page 358. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.</ref>
 
==Operational service==
Γραμμή 38:
The penultimate Fairey Battle sorties included an "all-out" attack against German pontoon bridges on [[30 May]] [[1940]]. The light bombers were swarmed by opposing fighters and were devasted; out of a strike force of 71 Battles, 40 were lost. After these abortive raids, the Battle was withdrawn from front line service in France. A similar situation would befall the German Luftwaffe during the early days of the [[Battle of Britain]] when the [[Ju 87]] [[Stuka]] [[divebomber]] suffered equivalent losses in a similar role. With the exception of the successful [[de Havilland Mosquito]], [[Bristol Beaufighter]] and [[Douglas A-20]], low-level attack missions passed into the hands of single-engined, multi-role fighter aircraft such as the [[Hawker Hurricane]], [[Hawker Typhoon]] and [[P-47 Thunderbolt]].
 
While the few remaining Fairey Battles were evacuated from France, for a short period of time, the RAF continued to rely on the light bomber. Reforming the No. 1 Group and later equipping some new Polish squadrons with the type, it continued to be deployed in cross-channel operations. The last operational sortie was mounted on the night of 15/16 October 1940 by No. [[No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron|301 (Polish)]] Squadron in a raid on Boulogne and nos. 12 and 142 Squadrons bombing Calais. Shortly after, all Battle squadrons were re-equipped with more potent [[Vickers Wellington]] bombers. <ref> Moyes 1971, p.page 115.</ref>
 
==New roles==
Γραμμή 63:
A fourth airplane is part of the collection of the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History, [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]. It is currently under restoration.
 
==Operators==
[[Image:Fairey Battle 3 view.png|300px|right|Fairey Battle 3-view]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Force!!Number used
|-
|[[Royal Australian Air Force]]||364
|-
|[[Belgian Air Force]]||16
|-
|[[Royal Canadian Air Force]]||739
|-
|[[Irish Air Corps]]||
|-
|[[Hellenic Air Force]]||
|-
|[[Polish Air Force]]||
|-
|[[South African Air Force]]||
|-
|[[Turkish Army Air Force]]||29
|-
|[[Royal Air Force]]||
|}
 
==Specifications (Mk.II)==
[[Image:Fairey Battle 3 view.png|300px|right|Orthographically projected diagram of the Fairey Battle.]]
{{aircraft specification|
{{aircraft specifications
<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] -->
 
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
 
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with )</li> and start a new, fully-formatted line with <li> -->
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with a right parenthesis ")" and start a new, fully-formatted line beginning with an asterisk "*" -->
|crew=Three
|crew=3
|length main=42 ft 2 in
|length alt=12.85 m
Γραμμή 84 ⟶ 109 :
|loaded weight main=10,792 lb
|loaded weight alt=4,895 kg
|max takeoff weight main=<!-- lb-->
|max takeoff weight alt=<!-- kg-->
 
|engine (prop)=[[Rolls-Royce Merlin]] II
|type of prop=liquid-cooled V-12[[V12 engine]]
|number of props=1
|power main=1,030 hp
|power alt=770 kW
 
|max speed main=257 mph at 15,000 ft
|max speed altmain=414257 km/h at 4,570 mmph
|max speed alt=223 knots, 414 km/h
|max speed more=at 15,000 ft (4,570 m)
|range main=1,000 mi
|range alt=870 nm, 1,609600 km
|ceiling main=25,000 ft
|ceiling alt=7,600 m
|climb rate main=920 ft/min
|climb rate alt=4.7 m/s
|loading main= 25.6 lb/ft²
|loading alt=125 kg/m²
|power/mass main=0.095 hp/lb
|power/mass alt=0.157 kWW/kg
|armament=
*1x [[.303]] in (7.7 mm) Browning [[machine gun]] in starboard wing
*1x .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Vickers K machine gun]] in rear cabin
*4x 250 lb (110 kg) bombs internally
*500 lb (227 kg) of bombs externally
}}
 
|guns=<br/>
==Operators==
** 1× [[.303 British|.303]] in (7.7 mm) Browning [[machine gun]] in starboard wing
{| width="100%"
** 1× .303 in [[Vickers K machine gun]] in rear cabin
|- valign=top
|bombs=<br/>
|width="33%" |
** 4× 250 lb (110 kg) bombs internally
* {{AUS}}: [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (364)
** 500 lb (230 kg) of bombs externally
* {{BEL}}: [[Belgian Air Force]] (16)
 
* {{CAN}}: [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (739)
}}
|width="33%" |
* {{IRE}}: [[Eire]] ([[Irish Air Corps]])
* {{GRE}}: [[Hellenic Air Force]]
* {{POL}}: [[Polish Air Force]]
|width="33%" |
* {{RSA}}: [[South African Air Force]]
* {{TUR}}: [[Turkish Army Air Force]] (29)
* {{UK}}: [[Royal Air Force]]
|width="34%" |
|}
 
==References==
<references/>
* {{cite web|title=RAF Timeline: 20 Sep 1939|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/line1939.html|publisher=[[Royal Air Force]]}}
* Moyes, Philip, J.R. ''The Fairey Battle''. "Aircraft in Profile Volume 2." Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications, 1971. ISBN 0-85383-011-8.
 
* ''RAF Timeline: 20 Sep 1939''. [http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/line1939.html RAF Official Website].
==External links==
* Taylor, John W. R. ''Fairey Battle''. "Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present." New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
*[http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=11 British Aircraft Directory entry]
*[http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/FAIREY%20BATTLE.htm British Aircraft of WWII]
 
==Related content==
{{commons|Fairey Battle}}
{{aircontent|
{{aircontent
 
|related=
* [[Fairey Fulmar]]
 
|similar aircraft=
* [[Douglas Dauntless]]
[[Sukhoi Su-2]] - [[Kawasaki Ki-32]] - [[Mitsubishi Ki-30]] - [[Westland Lysander]] - [[Junkers Ju87]] Stuka - [[Douglas Dauntless]] - [[Hawker Henley]] -
* [[Hawker Henley]]
* [[Junkers Ju 87]]
* [[Mitsubishi Ki-30]]
* [[Kawasaki Ki-32]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-2]]
* [[Westland Lysander]]
 
|sequence=
* [[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]] - [[Fairey Fantôme|Fantôme]] - [[Fairey Hendon|Hendon]] - '''Battle''' - [[Fairey Seafox|Seafox]] - [[Fairey Fulmar|Fulmar]] - [[Fairey Albacore|Albacore]]
[[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]] -
Battle -
[[Fairey Seafox|Seafox]] -
[[Fairey Fulmar|Fulmar]] -
[[Fairey Albacore|Albacore]]
 
|lists=
}}
* [[List of bomber aircraft]]
* [[List of aircraft of the RAF]]
 
|see also=
{{commons|Fairey Battle}}
 
}}
==External links==
*[http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=11 British Aircraft Directory entry]
*[http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/FAIREY%20BATTLE.htm British Aircraft of WWII]
 
[[Category:British bomber aircraft 1930-1939]]
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey_Battle"