Douglas C-54 Skymaster: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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→‎Variants: tweak and add number built
imported>Piotr Mikołajski
Some cleanup
Γραμμή 8:
|designer=
|first flight=
|introduced= [[1942 in aviation|1942]]
|retired= [[1975 in aviation|1975]]
|status=
|primary user= [[United States Army Air Forces]]<!--please list only one-->
|more users= [[United States Navy]]<!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.-->
|produced=<!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
|number built=1,170
Γραμμή 20:
}}
 
The '''Douglas C-54 Skymaster''' was a four-engined transport aircraft used by the [[United States Army Air Forces]] in [[World War II]].

==Design and development==
Like the [[C-47 Skytrain]], the C-54 Skymaster was derived from a civilian airliner (the [[Douglas DC-4]]).

==Operational history==
C-54s began service with the Army Air Forces in [[1942 in aviation|1942]], carrying up to 26 passengers. (Later versions carried up to 50 passengers.) The U.S. Navy also acquired the type, under the designation '''R5D'''. The C-54 was one of the most commonly used long-range transports by the U.S. armed forces in World War II. 515 C-54s were manufactured in [[Santa Monica, CA]] and 655 were manufactured in [[Chicago, Illinois]].
 
After World War II, the C-54 continued to serve as the primary airlifter of the new [[United States Air Force]] and with the [[United States Navy]].
Γραμμή 32 ⟶ 38 :
==Variants==
[[Image:00910460 131.jpg|right|thumb|C-54E.]]
;C-54
; '''C-54''' : First production variant adapted from DC-4, 24 built.
;:First '''production variant adapted from DC-4, 24 built.
;C-54A'''
: First military version with strengthened airframe, increased fuel capacity, provision for passengers or cargo, Navy equivalent R5D-1, 252 built.
;MC-54A
; '''MC-54A''':Optional designation for C-54As used for medical evacuation.
:Optional designation for C-54As used for medical evacuation.
; '''C-54B''' :Increased fuel capacity in the wing, One was used by Winston Churchill, 220 built.
;C-54B
; '''VC-54C''' :One C-54A converted as Presidential transport version used by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
:Increased fuel capacity in the wing, One was used by Winston Churchill, 220 built.
; '''C-54D''' :Same as C-54B but with R-2000-11 engines, 380 built.
;VC-54C
; '''AC-54D''' :Small number of aircraft modified with special electronic calibration and communications equipment. The aircraft were redesignated '''EC-54D'''.
:One C-54A converted as Presidential transport version used by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
; '''EC-54D''':Redesignation of the AC-54D
;C-54D
; '''HC-54D Rescuemaster''':Redesignation of the SC-54D
:Same as C-54B but with R-2000-11 engines, 380 built.
; '''JC-54D''':Nine C-54Ds temporary converted for missile tracking and nose-cone recovery.
;AC-54D
; '''SC-54D''':38 aircraft converted by Convair, as search and rescue aircraft. Later redesignated '''HC-54D'''.
:Small number of aircraft modified with special electronic calibration and communications equipment. The aircraft were redesignated '''EC-54D'''.
; '''TC-54D''' :C-54Ds converted into multi-engine training aircraft.
;EC-54D
; '''VC-54D''' :C-54Ds converted into VIP transport aircraft.
:Redesignation of the AC-54D.
; '''WC-54D''' :C-54Ds converted for weather reconnaissance.
;HC-54D Rescuemaster
; '''C-54E''' :Further revision to fuel tanks and provision for rapid conversion from passenger to cargo, 125 built.
:Redesignation of the SC-54D.
; '''AC-54E''':C-54Es converted for airways calibration, redesignated EC-54E in 1962.
;JC-54D
; '''EC-54E''':AC-54E redesignated in 1962.
:Nine C-54Ds temporary converted for missile tracking and nose-cone recovery.
; '''HC-54E''':SC-54E redesignated in 1962.
;SC-54D
; '''SC-54E''':C-54E converted for air-sea rescue, redesingated HC-54E in 1962.
:38 aircraft converted by Convair, as search and rescue aircraft. Later redesignated '''HC-54D'''.
; '''VC-54E''':C-54Es converted as a staff transport.
;TC-54D
; '''XC-54F''' :Proposed experimental paratroop version, not built.
:C-54Ds converted into multi-engine training aircraft.
; '''C-54G''' :Same as C-54E but with different version of the R2000 engine.
;VC-54D
; '''HC-54G''':SC-54G redesignated in 1962.
:C-54Ds converted into VIP transport aircraft.
; '''JC-54G''':C-54Gs used for temporary testing.
;WC-54D
; '''SC-54G''':C-54Gs converted for air-sea rescue, redesignated HC-54G in 1962.
; '''VC-54G''' :C-54Gs54Ds converted into VIP/stafffor transportweather aircraftreconnaissance.
;'C-54E
; '''C-54GM''' :The designation of the DC-4 version made by Canadair.
:Further revision to fuel tanks and provision for rapid conversion from passenger to cargo, 125 built.
; '''C-54H''' :Paratroop transport. None built.
;AC-54E
; '''C-54J''' : Staff transport project, none built. Navy designation '''R5D-6'''.
:C-54Es converted for airways calibration, redesignated EC-54E in 1962.
; '''XC-54K''' :Long range version, one aircraft built with [[Wright R-1820]] engines.
;EC-54E
; '''C-54L''' : One C-54A aircraft tested in 1947 with an experimental fuel system.
:AC-54E redesignated in 1962.
; '''C-54M''' : Specialized modification of C-54 to carry coal during the Berlin Airlift, 38 conversions.
;HC-54E
; '''MC-54M''': Specialized modification of C-54E for medical evacuation, 30 conversions.
; '''VC-54N''': R5DSC-1Z54E redesignated in 1962.
;SC-54E
; '''C-54P''': R5-D2 redesignated in 1962.
:C-54E converted for air-sea rescue, redesingated HC-54E in 1962.
; '''VC-54P''': R5-D2Z redesignated in 1962.
;VC-54E
; '''C-54Q''': R5D-3 redesignated in 1962.
:C-54Es converted as a staff transport.
; '''VC-54Q''': R5D-3Z redesignated in 1962.
;XC-54F
; '''C-54R''': R5D-4R redesingated in 1962.
:Proposed experimental paratroop version, not built.
; '''C-54S''': R5D-5 redesingnated in 1962.
;C-54G
; '''VC-54S''': R5D-5Z redesignated in 1962.
:Same as C-54E but with different version of the R2000 engine.
; '''C-54T''': R5D-5R redesingated in 1962.
;HC-54G
; '''EC-54U''': R5D-4 redesignated in 1962.
; '''RC-54V''': R5DSC-3P54G redesignated in 1962.
;JC-54G
; '''R5D-1''' :56 C-54As transferred to the United States Navy.
:C-54Gs used for temporary testing.
; '''R5D-1C''' :R5D-1s modified in US Navy service, with a fuel system based on the one used in the C-54B.
;SC-54G
; '''R5D-1F''' :Naval staff transport conversions of the R5D-1, redesignated R5D-1Z then VC-54N.
:C-54Gs converted for air-sea rescue, redesignated HC-54G in 1962.
; '''R5D-1Z''' :Interim designation of the R5D-1F.
;VC-54G
; '''R5D-2''' :30 C-54Bs transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated C-54P in 1962.
:C-54Gs converted into VIP/staff transport aircraft.
; '''R5D-2F''' :Naval staff transport conversion of the R5D-2, redesignated R5D-2Z then VC-54P in 1962.
;C-54GM
; '''R5D-2Z''' :Interim designation of the R5D-2F.
:The designation of the DC-4 version made by Canadair.
; '''R5D-3''' :95 C-54Ds transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated C-54Q in 1962.
;C-54H
; '''R5D-3P''':Photo survey conversions of the R5D-3, redesignated RC-54V in 1962.
:Paratroop transport. None built.
; '''R5D-3Z''' :Naval staff transport conversions of the R5D-3, redesignated VC-54Q in 1962.
;C-54J
; '''R5D-4''' :20 C-54Es transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated EC-54U in 1962.
:Staff transport project, none built. Navy designation '''R5D-6'''.
; '''R5D-4R''':Passenger only conversion of the R5D-4, redesignated C-54R in 1962.
;XC-54K
; '''R5D-5''':R5D-2 and R5D-3s re-engined to approximate C-54G standards, redesignated C-54S in 1962.
:Long range version, one aircraft built with [[Wright R-1820]] engines.
; '''R5D-5R''':Passenger only conversion of the R5D-5, redesignated C-54T in 1962, 86 conversion.
;C-54L
; '''R5D-5Z''':Staff transport conversion of the R5D-5, redesignated VC-54S in 1962.
:One C-54A aircraft tested in 1947 with an experimental fuel system.
; '''R5D-6''':Proposed USN version of the C-54J with passenger interior, not built.
;C-54M
; '''XC-112''':Pressurized variant of the C-54B with [[Pratt & Whitney R-2800]] engines. None built.
:Specialized modification of C-54 to carry coal during the Berlin Airlift, 38 conversions.
; '''XC-112A''':As XC-112. One built. Developed into [[DC-6]] / [[C-118 Liftmaster|C-118 ]] family.
;MC-54M
; '''XC-114''':Stretched C-54E powered by [[Allison V-1710]] engines. One built.
:Specialized modification of C-54E for medical evacuation, 30 conversions.
; '''XC-115''':XC-114 with [[Rolls-Royce Merlin|Packard V-1650]] engines. None Built.
;VC-54N
; '''YC-116''':XC-114 with thermal de-icing rather than rubber boots for testing, one built.
:R5D-1Z redesignated in 1962.
; '''Skymaster I''':Royal Air Force designation for 22 C-54Ds.
;C-54P
:R5-D2 redesignated in 1962.
;VC-54P
:R5-D2Z redesignated in 1962.
;C-54Q
:R5D-3 redesignated in 1962.
;VC-54Q
:R5D-3Z redesignated in 1962.
;C-54R
:R5D-4R redesingated in 1962.
;C-54S
:R5D-5 redesingnated in 1962.
;VC-54S
:R5D-5Z redesignated in 1962.
;C-54T
:R5D-5R redesingated in 1962.
;EC-54U
:R5D-4 redesignated in 1962.
;RC-54V
:R5D-3P redesignated in 1962.
;R5D-1
:56 C-54As transferred to the United States Navy.
;R5D-1C
:R5D-1s modified in US Navy service, with a fuel system based on the one used in the C-54B.
;R5D-1F
:Naval staff transport conversions of the R5D-1, redesignated R5D-1Z then VC-54N.
;R5D-1Z
:Interim designation of the R5D-1F.
;R5D-2
:30 C-54Bs transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated C-54P in 1962.
;R5D-2F
:Naval staff transport conversion of the R5D-2, redesignated R5D-2Z then VC-54P in 1962.
;R5D-2Z
:Interim designation of the R5D-2F.
;R5D-3
:95 C-54Ds transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated C-54Q in 1962.
;R5D-3P
:Photo survey conversions of the R5D-3, redesignated RC-54V in 1962.
;R5D-3Z
:Naval staff transport conversions of the R5D-3, redesignated VC-54Q in 1962.
;R5D-4
:20 C-54Es transferred to the United States Navy, redesignated EC-54U in 1962.
;R5D-4R
:Passenger only conversion of the R5D-4, redesignated C-54R in 1962.
;R5D-5
:R5D-2 and R5D-3s re-engined to approximate C-54G standards, redesignated C-54S in 1962.
;R5D-5R
:Passenger only conversion of the R5D-5, redesignated C-54T in 1962, 86 conversion.
;R5D-5Z
:Staff transport conversion of the R5D-5, redesignated VC-54S in 1962.
;R5D-6
:Proposed USN version of the C-54J with passenger interior, not built.
;XC-112
:Pressurized variant of the C-54B with [[Pratt & Whitney R-2800]] engines. None built.
;XC-112A
:As XC-112. One built. Developed into [[DC-6]] / [[C-118 Liftmaster|C-118 ]] family.
;XC-114
:Stretched C-54E powered by [[Allison V-1710]] engines. One built.
;XC-115
:XC-114 with [[Rolls-Royce Merlin|Packard V-1650]] engines. None Built.
;YC-116
:XC-114 with thermal de-icing rather than rubber boots for testing, one built.
;Skymaster I
:Royal Air Force designation for 22 C-54Ds.
 
==Operators==
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
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* {{cite book
|last=Francillon