Περσική μυθολογία: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

Περιεχόμενο που διαγράφηκε Περιεχόμενο που προστέθηκε
Δημιουργήθηκε από μετάφραση της σελίδας "Persian mythology"
 
Δημιουργήθηκε από μετάφραση της σελίδας "Persian mythology"
Γραμμή 1:
{| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"
| class="sidebar-pretitle" |Part of [[:Category:Indo-European|a series]] on
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">[[Indo-European languages|Languages]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
----
 
* [[List of Indo-European languages]]
 
----
 
; ''Historical''
 
* [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
* [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Baltic languages|Baltic]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Slavic languages|Slavic]]</span>
* [[Celtic languages|Celtic]]
* [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
* [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Greek language|Greek]]</span>
* [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Iranian languages|Iranian]]</span>
* [[Italic languages|Italic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Romance languages|Romance]]</span>
 
; ''Extinct''
 
* [[Anatolian languages|Anatolian]]
* [[Tocharian languages|Tocharian]]
* [[Paleo-Balkan languages|Paleo-Balkan]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Dacian language|Dacian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Illyrian languages|Illyrian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Liburnian language|Liburnian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Messapian language|Messapian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Mysian language|Mysian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Paeonian language|Paeonian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Phrygian language|Phrygian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Thracian language|Thracian]]</span>
 
----
 
; ''Reconstructed''
 
* [[Proto-Indo-European language]]<br /><br />
** [[Proto-Indo-European phonology|Phonology]]: [[Indo-European sound laws|Sound laws]], [[Proto-Indo-European accent|Accent]], [[Indo-European ablaut|Ablaut]]
 
----
 
; ''Hypothetical''
 
* [[Daco-Thracian]]
* [[Graeco-Armenian]]
* [[Graeco-Aryan]]
* [[Graeco-Phrygian]]
* [[Indo-Hittite]]
* [[Italo-Celtic]]
* [[Thraco-Illyrian]]
 
----
 
; ''Grammar''
 
* [[Indo-European vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European root|Root]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European verb|Verbs]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European nominals|Nouns]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European numerals|Numerals]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European particles|Particles]]
 
----
 
; ''Other''
 
* [[Proto-Albanian language|Proto-Albanian]]
* [[Proto-Anatolian language|Proto-Anatolian]]
* [[Proto-Armenian language|Proto-Armenian]]
* [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] ([[Proto-Norse language|Proto-Norse]])
* [[Proto-Celtic language|Proto-Celtic]]
* [[Proto-Italic language|Proto-Italic]]
* [[Proto-Greek language|Proto-Greek]]
* [[Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]] ([[Proto-Slavic]])
* [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] ([[Proto-Iranian language|Proto-Iranian]])
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">Philology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
* [[Hittite texts]]
* [[Hieroglyphic Luwian]]
* [[Linear B]]
* [[Rigveda]]
* [[Avesta]]
* [[Homer]]
* [[Behistun Inscription|Behistun]]
* [[Gaulish language#Corpus|Gaulish epigraphy]]
* [[Old Latin#Corpus|Latin epigraphy]]
* [[Runic inscriptions|Runic epigraphy]]
* [[Ogam]]
* [[Gothic Bible]]
* [[Armenian Bible]]
* [[Slanting Brahmi]]
* [[Old Irish#Sources|Old Irish glosses]]
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
* [[Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses|Homeland]]
* [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European society|Society]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European mythology|Religion]]
 
----
 
; Mainstream<br /><br />
 
* [[Kurgan hypothesis]]
* [[Indo-European migrations]]
* [[Eurasian nomads]]
 
----
 
; Alternative and fringe<br /><br />
 
* [[Anatolian hypothesis]]
* [[Armenian hypothesis]]
* [[Indigenous Aryans]]
* [[Proto-Indo-European homeland#Baltic homeland|Baltic homeland]]
* [[Paleolithic Continuity Theory]]
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">Archaeology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
; [[Chalcolithic|Chalcolithic (Copper Age)]]<br /><br />
 
''Pontic Steppe''
 
* [[Domestication of the horse]]
* [[Kurgan]]
* [[Kurgan culture]]
* [[The Horse, the Wheel and Language|Steppe cultures]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Bug–Dniester culture|Bug–Dniester]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Sredny Stog culture|Sredny Stog]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Dnieper–Donets culture|Dnieper–Donets]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Samara culture|Samara]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Khvalynsk culture|Khvalynsk]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Yamnaya culture|Yamnaya]]</span>
*** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Mikhaylovka culture]]</span>
*** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Novotitorovka culture]]</span>
 
''Caucasus''
 
* [[Maykop culture|Maykop]]
 
''East Asia''
 
* [[Afanasievo culture|Afanasievo]]
 
''Eastern Europe''
 
* <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Usatovo culture|Usatovo]]</span>
* [[Cernavodă culture|Cernavodă]]
* [[Cucuteni–Trypillia culture|Cucuteni]]
 
''Northern Europe''
 
* [[Corded Ware culture|Corded ware]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Baden culture|Baden]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Middle Dnieper culture|Middle Dnieper]]</span>
 
----
 
; [[Bronze Age]]<br /><br />
 
''Pontic Steppe''
 
* [[Chariot]]
* [[Yamnaya culture|Yamnaya]]
* [[Catacomb culture|Catacomb]]
* [[Multi-cordoned ware culture|Multi-cordoned ware]]
* [[Poltavka culture|Poltavka]]
* [[Srubna culture|Srubna]]
 
''Northern/Eastern Steppe''
 
* [[Abashevo culture]]
* [[Andronovo culture|Andronovo]]
* [[Sintashta culture|Sintashta]]
 
''Europe''
 
* [[Globular Amphora culture|Globular Amphora]]
* [[Corded Ware culture|Corded ware]]
* [[Beaker culture|Beaker]]
* [[Unetice culture|Unetice]]
* [[Trzciniec culture|Trzciniec]]
* [[Nordic Bronze Age]]
* [[Terramare culture|Terramare]]
* [[Tumulus culture|Tumulus]]
* [[Urnfield culture|Urnfield]]
* [[Lusatian culture|Lusatian]]
 
''South Asia''
 
* [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|BMAC]]
* [[Yaz culture|Yaz]]
* [[Gandhara grave culture|Gandhara grave]]
 
----
 
; [[Iron Age]]
 
''Steppe''
 
* [[Chernoles culture|Chernoles]]
 
''Europe''
 
* [[Thraco-Cimmerian]]
* [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]]
* [[Jastorf culture|Jastorf]]
 
''Caucasus''
 
* [[Colchian culture|Colchian]]
 
''India''
 
* [[Painted Grey Ware culture|Painted Grey Ware]]
* [[Northern Black Polished Ware]]
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">Peoples and societies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
; [[Bronze Age]]
 
* [[Anatolian peoples]] (<span style="font-size:85%;">[[Hittites]]</span>) <br /><br />
* [[Armenians]]
* [[Mycenaeans|Mycenaean Greeks]]
* [[Indo-Iranians]]
 
; [[Iron Age]]
 
''Indo-Aryans''
 
* [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryans]]
 
''Iranians''
 
* [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Persian people|Persians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Medes]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Parthia|Parthians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Scythians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Saka]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Sarmatians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Massagetae]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Alans]]</span>
 
''East Asia''
 
* [[Wusun]]
* [[Yuezhi]]
 
''Europe''
 
* [[Celts]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Gauls]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Celtiberians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Insular Celts]]</span>
* [[Cimmerians]]
* [[Greeks|Hellenic peoples]]
* [[Italic peoples]]
* [[Germanic peoples]]
* [[Paleo-Balkan languages|Paleo-Balkan]]/[[Iron Age Anatolia|Anatolia]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Thracians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Dacians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Illyrians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Paeonians]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Phrygians]]</span>
 
; [[Middle Ages]]
 
''East Asia''
 
* [[Tocharians]]
 
''Europe''
 
* [[Origin of the Albanians|Albanians]]
* [[Balts]]
* [[Early Slavs|Slavs]]
* [[Norsemen]]/[[North Germanic peoples|Medieval Scandinavians]]
* [[Medieval Europe]]
 
''Indo-Aryan''
 
* [[Medieval India]]
 
''Iranian''
 
* [[Greater Persia]]
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">Religion and mythology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
; ''Reconstructed''
 
* [[Proto-Indo-European mythology]]
* [[Proto-Indo-Iranian religion]]
* [[Ancient Iranian religion]]
 
----
 
; ''Historical''
 
* [[Hittite mythology|Hittite]]
 
''Indo-Aryan''
 
* [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Hinduism]]</span>
* <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Buddhism]]</span>
* <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Jainism]]</span>
* <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Sikhism]]</span>
 
''Iranian''
 
* [[Persian mythology|Persian]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Zoroastrianism]]</span>
* [[Kurdish mythology|Kurdish]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Yazidis|Yazidism]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Yarsanism]]</span>
* [[Scythian religion|Scythian]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Ossetian mythology|Ossetian]]</span>
 
''Others''
 
* [[Armenian mythology|Armenian]]
 
''Europe''
 
* [[Paleo-Balkan mythology|Paleo-Balkan]] ([[Albanian folk beliefs|Albanian]] '''·''' [[Illyrian mythology|Illyrian]] '''·''' [[Thracian religion|Thracian]] '''·''' [[Dacian religion|Dacian]])
* [[Ancient Greek religion|Greek]]
* [[Religion in ancient Rome|Roman]]
* [[Celtic polytheism|Celtic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Irish mythology|Irish]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Scottish mythology|Scottish]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Breton mythology|Breton]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Welsh mythology|Welsh]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Cornish mythology|Cornish]]</span>
* [[Germanic paganism|Germanic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Anglo-Saxon paganism|Anglo-Saxon]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Continental Germanic mythology|Continental]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Norse religion|Norse]]</span>
* [[Baltic mythology|Baltic]]
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Latvian mythology|Latvian]]</span>
** <span style="font-size:85%;">[[Lithuanian mythology|Lithuanian]]</span>
* [[Slavic mythology|Slavic]]
 
; ''Practices''
 
* [[Fire worship#Indo-European religions|Fire sacrifice]]
* [[Horse sacrifice]]
* [[Sati (practice)|Sati]]
* [[Winter solstice]]/[[Yule]]
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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;">[[Indo-European studies]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">
; ''Scholars''
 
* [[Marija Gimbutas]]
* [[J. P. Mallory]]
 
; ''Institutes''
 
* [[Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European]]
 
; ''Publications''
 
* ''[[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture]]''
* ''[[The Horse, the Wheel and Language]]''
* ''[[Journal of Indo-European Studies]]''
* ''[[Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch]]''
* ''[[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary]]''
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'''Η περσική μυθολογία''' ή '''ιρανική μυθολογία''' ( [[Περσική γλώσσα|Περσικά]] : افسانه‌های ایران) είναι η συλλογή των μύθων που έχουν αρχικά ειπωθεί από [[Πέρσες|τους αρχαίους Πέρσες]] και άλλους [[Ιρανοί|ιρανικούς λαούς]] και μία κατηγορία αρχαίας περσικής λαογραφίας. Αυτές οι ιστορίες ασχολούνται με την προέλευση και τη φύση του κόσμου, τις ζωές και τις δραστηριότητες θεών, ηρώων και μυθολογικών πλασμάτων, καθώς και την προέλευση και τη σημασία των λατρευτικών και τελετουργικών πρακτικών των αρχαίων Περσών. Οι σύγχρονοι μελετητές μελετούν τους μύθους για να ρίξουν φως στους θρησκευτικούς και πολιτικούς θεσμούς όχι μόνο του σύγχρονου Ιράν αλλά και της περιοχής του Ευρύτερου Ιράν, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει [[Περιοχή|περιοχές]] της [[Δυτική Ασία|Δυτικής Ασίας]], της [[Κεντρική Ασία|Κεντρικής Ασίας]], της [[Νότια Ασία|Νότιας Ασίας]] και της [[Νότιος Καύκασος|Υπερκαυκασίας]] όπου ο ιρανικός πολιτισμός είχε σημαντική επιρροή. Ιστορικά, αυτές ήταν περιοχές διοικούνταν, επί μακρόν, από δυναστείες διαφόρων ιρανικών αυτοκρατοριών, {{NoteTag|These include the [[Medes]], [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenids]], [[Parthian Empire|Parthians]], [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanians]], [[Samanid Empire|Samanids]], [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]], [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharids]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajars]]).}} <ref name="Marcinkowski">{{Cite book|title=Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts|first=Christoph|last=Marcinkowski|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-643-80049-7|year=2010|page=83}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://azadegan.info/files/Dr.Frye-discusses-greater-Iran-on-CNN.mp4|title=Interview with Richard N. Frye (CNN)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423185051/http://azadegan.info/files/Dr.Frye-discusses-greater-Iran-on-CNN.mp4|archivedate=2016-04-23}}</ref> <ref>Richard Nelson Frye, ''The Harvard Theological Review'', Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct. 1962), pp. 261–268 https://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia—that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.</ref> οι οποίες ενσωμάτωσαν σημαντικές πτυχές του περσικού πολιτισμού μέσω εκτεταμένης επαφής μαζί τους, {{NoteTag|For example, those regions and peoples in the [[North Caucasus]] that were not under direct Iranian rule.}} ή περιοχές, όπου εγκαταστάθηκαν επαρκείς [[Ιρανοί|ιρανικοί]] πληθυσμοι για να διατηρήσουν τις κοινότητες, οι οποίες προστατεύουν τους αντίστοιχους πολιτισμούς τους.{{NoteTag|Such as in the western parts of [[South Asia]], [[Bahrain]] and [[Tajikistan]].}} Το Ευρύτερο Ιράν αντιστοιχεί περίπου στο [[ιρανικό υψίπεδο]] και τις παραμεθόριες [[Πεδιάδα|πεδιάδες του]]. <ref name="IRAN i. LANDS OF IRAN">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-i-lands-of-iran|title=IRAN i. LANDS OF IRAN|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]}}</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary]. Clive Holes. 2001. Page XXX. {{ISBN|978-90-04-10763-2}}</ref> Η [[Encyclopædia Iranica]] χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο ''Ιρανική Πολιτιστική Ήπειρος'' για αυτήν την περιοχή. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/nov03/features5.php|title=Columbia College Today|website=columbia.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211754/http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct_archive/nov03/features5.php|archivedate=2015-11-27|accessdate=9 December 2015}}</ref> <ref>Sarkhosh-Curtis, V., ''Persian Myths'' (1993) London, {{ISBN|0-7141-2082-0}}</ref>
 
Γραμμή 25 ⟶ 421 :
* [http://www.iranalmanac.com Ιράν Almanac 2006]
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