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Πάπας Ιννοκέντιος ΙΒ΄: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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Γραμμή 1:
{{Πάπας
|όνομα =Ιννοκέντιος Αλέξανδρος Ζ΄ΙΒ΄
|εικόνα = [[Image:Pope Innocent XII.jpg|200px]]
|από = 12 Ιουλίου 1691
Γραμμή 14:
Γεννήθηκε στη [[Σπινατσόλα]] (σημερινή [[Απουλία]]) σε μια από τις πιο αριστοκρατικέςοικογένειες του [[Βασίλειο της Νεάπολης|Βασιλείου της Νεάπολης]], το οποίο περιελάμβανε πολλούς Αντιβασιλείς, και υπουργούς του στέμματος, και εκπαιδεύθηκε στο [[Εταιρεία του Ιησού|Ιησουιτικό]] κολλέγιο στη Ρώμη.
 
{{επέκταση}}
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In his twentieth year he became an official of the court of [[Pope Urban VIII]] (1623&ndash;1644); under successive Popes he served as [[nuncio]] at [[Florence]] and [[Vienna]] and in [[Poland]]; he served as [[inquisitor]] in [[Malta]]; and by [[Pope Innocent XI]] (1676&ndash;1689) he was created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of ''[[S. Pancrazio]]'' in 1681 and [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples|archbishop of Naples]]. After the [[Papal conclave|conclave]] held after the death of Alexander VIII had gone on for five months he was a compromise candidate between the cardinals of [[France]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
 
{{Πάπες Ρώμης}}▼
Immediately after his election on 12 July 1691, Innocent XII declared against the [[nepotism]] which had too much and too long been one of the greatest scandals of the [[Papacy]]; the bull ''[[Romanum decet Pontificem]]'', issued in 1692, banned the curial office of the [[cardinal-nephew|Cardinal Nephew]] and prohibited Popes at all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative; furthermore, only one relative, "if otherwise suitable", was to be raised to the [[Catholic cardinal|cardinalate]]. At the same time he sought to check the [[simony|simoniacal]] practices of the apostolic chamber, and in connection with this to introduce a simpler and more economical manner of life into his court. Innocent XII said that "the poor were his nephews", comparing his public benificence to the nepotism of many predecessors.
 
Innocent XII introduced various reforms into the States of the Church, and for the better administration of justice erected the ''Forum Innocentianum''. In [[1693]] he compelled the French bishops to retract the four propositions relating to the [[Gallican Liberties]] which had been formulated by the assembly of 1682. In 1699, he decided in favour of [[Jacques-Benigne Bossuet]] in that prelate's controversy with [[Fénelon]] about the ''Explication des Maximes des Saints sur la Vie Intérieure'' of the latter. Innocent XII's pontificate contrasted with that of a series of predecessors in having marked leanings towards France instead of [[Germany]].
 
Innocent XII appears as one of the narrators in [[Robert Browning]]'s long poem "[[The Ring and the Book]]" (1869), based on the true story of the Pope's intervention in a historical murder trial in Rome during his papacy.
 
[[Image:InocencioXIIc.jpg|150px|left|''Monument to Innocent XII'', St. Peter's Basilica.|thumb]]
This benevolent, self-abnegating and pious Pope died on September 27, 1700 and was succeeded by [[Pope Clement XI]] (1700&ndash;1721). His tomb at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] was sculpted by [[Filippo della Valle]].
 
==References==
*Original text from the 9th edition (1880) of the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
 
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{{s-πριν|πριν=[[Πάπας Αλέξανδρος Η΄|Alexander VIII]]}}
{{s-τίτλος|τίτλος=[[Πάπας]]|έτη=1691&ndash;1700}}
{{s-μετά|μετά=[[Πάπας Κλήμης ΙΑ΄|Κλήμης ΙΑ΄]]}}
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▲{{Πάπες Ρώμης}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Innocent 12}}
 
[[Κατηγορία:Πάπες Ρώμης]]
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Πάπας_Ιννοκέντιος_ΙΒ΄"