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μ Robot - Speedily moving category Visitor attractions in Hokkaidō to Category:Visitor attractions in Hokkaido per CFDS.
Γραμμή 1:
{{Geobox|Range
{{Infobox Protected area
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Shiretoko National Park
| name = Shiretoko Peninsula
| alt_name = 知床国立公園
| native_name = 知床半島, ''Shiretoko-hantō''
| iucn_category = II
| other_name =
| photo = Shiretoko National Park.jpg
| category = Range
| photo_caption = View from the sea
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| map = Japan
| etymology = [[Ainu language|Ainu]] ''sir etok'', ''the end of the Earth'' or ''the place where the Earth protrudes''
| map_alt =
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| map_caption = Shiretoko National Park in Japan
| image = ShiretokoPeninsulaHokJpLandsat.jpg
| map_width =
| image_caption = A satellite image of Shiretoko Peninsula
| location = [[Hokkaidō]], [[Japan]]
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| nearest_city =
| country = Japan
| embedded1={{designation list | embed=yes
| state = Hokkaidō
| designation1=WHS
| region = Abashiri Subprefecture
| designation1_offname = Shiretoko
| region1 = Nemuro Subprefecture
| designation1_date = 2005 <small>(29th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
| district = [[Menashi District, Hokkaidō|Menashi District]]
| designation1_type = Natural
| district1 = [[Shari District, Hokkaidō|Shari District]]
| designation1_criteria = ix, x
| district2 = [[Shibetsu District, Hokkaidō|Shibetsu District]]
| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1193 1193]
| municipality = [[Kiyosato, Hokkaidō|Kiyosato]]
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| municipality1 = [[Nakashibetsu, Hokkaidō|Nakashibetsu]]
| designation1_free1value = [[Japan]]
| municipality2 = [[Rausu, Hokkaidō|Rausu]]
| designation1_free2name = Region
| municipality3 = [[Shari, Hokkaidō|Shari]]
| designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia|Asia-Pacific]]
| municipality4 = [[Shibetsu, Hokkaidō (Nemuro)|Shibetsu]]
}}
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| lat_d = 44
| lat_mrange = 06
| lat_sborder = 00
| lat_NSpart = N
| long_dcity = 145
| long_mlandmark = 11
| long_sriver = 00
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| long_EW = E
| areahighest = 386.33[[Mount km²Rausu]]
| highest_location = [[Shari, Hokkaidō|Shari]] and [[Rausu, Hokkaidō|Rausu]]| highest_region = Hokkaidō| highest_country =Japan
| established = June 1, 1964
| highest_elevation = 1661
| visitation_num =
| highest_lat_d = 44| highest_lat_m = 4| highest_lat_s = 33| highest_lat_NS =N
| visitation_year =
| highest_long_d = 145| highest_long_m = 7| highest_long_s = 21| highest_long_EW =E
| governing_body =
| lowest =
| lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =
| lowest_elevation =
| lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS =
| lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length = 70| length_orientation = SW-NE
| width = 25| width_orientation = NW-SE
| area = 1230
<!-- *** Features *** -->
| geology = Volcanic
| orogeny = island arc
| period =
| biome =
| plant = Quercus mongolica
| animal = Red Fox
| animal1 = Ussuri brown bear
| animal2 = Sika Deer
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = | free_type =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map =
| map_caption =
| map_background =
| map_location =
| map_locator =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
 
[[Image:Location ShiretokoPeninJp.jpg|thumb|240px|Location]]
{{Nihongo|'''Shiretoko National Park'''|知床国立公園|Shiretoko Kokuritsu Kōen}} covers most of the [[Shiretoko Peninsula]] at the northeastern tip of the island of [[Hokkaidō]], [[Japan]].
The word "Shiretoko" is derived form an [[Ainu language|Ainu]] word "sir etok", meaning [[List of Ainu terms#S|"end of the Earth"]].
 
{{nihongo|'''Shiretoko Peninsula'''|知床半島|Shiretoko-hantō}} is located on the easternmost portion of the [[Japan]]ese [[island]] of [[Hokkaidō]], protruding into the [[Sea of Okhotsk]]. It is separated from the [[Kunashir Island]] of [[Russia]] by the [[Nemuro Strait]]. The name Shiretoko is derived from the [[Ainu language]] word ''sir etok'', meaning ''the end of the Earth''<ref name="Hunt">{{cite book|last=Hunt|first=Paul|title=Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails|publisher=Kodansha International Ltd|location=Tokyo and New York|year=1988|edition=First edition|pages=200–205|chapter=33. Shiretoko|isbn=0-87011-893-5}}</ref> or ''the place where the Earth protrudes''. The towns of [[Rausu, Hokkaidō|Rausu]] and [[Shari, Hokkaidō|Shari]] cover the peninsula.
One of the most remote regions in all of Japan, much of the peninsula is only accessible on foot or by boat. The park is best known as the home of Japan's largest [[brown bear]] population and for offering views of the disputed [[Kunashiri Island]], claimed by [[Japan]]. The park has a hot springs [[waterfall]] called {{nihongo|[[Kamuiwakka Falls]]|カムイワッカの滝|Kamuiwakka-no-taki}}. ''[[Kamui]] wakka'' means "water of the gods" in Ainu.
 
On July 14, 2005, in a meeting held in the Republic of South Africa, the Shiretoko Peninsula was declared a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]], and on July 17 was officially registered as such. The reason is that in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], the peninsula is the southern most point where [[sea ice]] usually forms.
The [[forest]]s of the park are [[temperate]] and [[subalpine]] [[mixed forest]]s; the main [[tree]] [[species]] include Sakhalin fir (''[[Abies sachalinensis]]''), Erman's birch (''[[Betula ermanii]]'') and Mongolian oak (''[[Quercus mongolica]]''). Beyond the forest limit there are impenetrable Siberian Dwarf Pine (''[[Pinus pumila]]'') thickets.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=18081 |title=Shiretoko Peninsula |accessdate=2008-07-09 |format= |work=NASA Earth Observatory }}</ref>
 
==Geography==
In 2005, [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] designated the area a [[World Heritage Site]], advising to develop the property jointly with [[Kuril Islands]] of [[Russia]] as a transboundary "World Heritage Peace Park".
From Shiretoko Cape at the tip of the peninsula, a series of volcanoes run down the peninsula, including [[Mount Shiretoko]], [[Mount Unabetsu]], and [[Mount Iō (Shiretoko)|Mount Iō]]. It is part of the Chishima volcanic zone.<ref name="Hunt" /><ref name="iba">{{cite web|url=http://www.wbsj.org/nature/hogo/others/iba/eng/010.html|title=JP010Shiretoko, Mount Syari-dake|work=Important Bird Areas of Japan|publisher=Wild Bird Society of Japan|accessdate=12 January 2010}}</ref> The highest peak is [[Mount Rausu]].<ref name="iba" /> The peninsula is {{convert|70|km|mi}} long and {{convert|25|km|mi}} wide at its base.<ref name="iba" /> It covers some {{convert|123000|ha|sqmi}}<ref name="iba" />
 
The peninsula is bounded on the Northwest side by the [[Sea of Okhotsk]]<ref name="Hunt" /> and the Southeast side by the Pacific Ocean. To the east, [[Kunashir Island]] runs parallel to the peninsula.<ref name="Hunt" /> The Kunashir can be seen from Shiretoko Peninsula.<ref name="Hunt" /> Kunashir is part of [[Russia]], but disputed by Japan.<ref name="Hunt" />
==Features==
 
The cold [[Oyashio Current]] flows south along the peninsula.<ref name="Hunt" />
 
The volcanic zone has made several [[onsen]] possible, including Seseki Onsen and Iwaobetsu Onsen.
 
===List of peaks===
* Uii Nupuri
* Mount Poromoi
* [[Mount Shiretoko]]
* Mount Dokkarimui
* Mount Rusha
* Mount Higashi
* Mount Chienbetsu
* Mount Minami
* [[Mount Iō (Shiretoko)|Mount Iō]]
* Mount Okkabake
* Mount Sashirui
* [[Mount Rausu]]
* Mount Chinnishibetsu
* [[Mount Onnebetsu]]
* [[Mount Unabetsu]]
* [[Mount Shari]]
* Mount Samakke Nupuri
* Mount Shibetsu
 
==Climate==
The Oyashio Current has a profound impact on the weather of the peninsula. Shiretoko Peninsula has short summers and long winters.<ref name="Hunt" /> The current causes fog on the southeastern coast and [[sea ice]] in the winter.<ref name="Hunt" /> Snow covers the peaks from September to June, except the very highest peaks, which retain snow all summer long.<ref name="Hunt" />
 
==Flora and fauna==
The Shiretoko Peninsula is home to many species of both [[conifer]]s and [[broadleaf]] trees, including the [[acorn]]-bearing {{nihongo|[[Quercus mongolica]]|Mizunara}}. Above {{convert|1000|m|ft|-3}} grows [[Siberian Dwarf Pine]].<ref name="iba" /> [[Red Fox]]es and [[Sika Deer]] also inhabit the area. There are also a large number of [[Ussuri Brown Bear]]s.<ref name="iba" /> In the upper reaches of Mount Rausu, Mount Onnebetsu, and Mount Shari are the only known breeding areas of [[Arctic Warbler]]s in Hokkaidō.<ref name="iba" /> [[Sea eagle]]s flourish here, and [[pinniped|seal]]s can be often seen on the coast.
 
[[Whale watching]] is a popular attraction in the local tourism. Thirteen or fourteen species of [[cetaceans]] species have been recorded in the area.
Especially for Orca, [[Killer Whale]]s, the waters surrounding the peninsula are regarded as one of the most significant habitat areas in the northwestern Pacific.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} There was a notable mass stranding of 12 animals in February 2005. Nine animals died.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hokkaido.yomiuri.co.jp/shiretoko/shiretoko_article/20050208-1_article.htm|title= シャチ１２頭、流氷で動けず　羅臼の海|date=8 Feb 2005|work=Yomiuri Online|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hokkaido.yomiuri.co.jp/shiretoko/shiretoko_article/20050208-2_article.htm|title=流氷で遭難、羅臼のシャチ　１頭、自力で沖へ　残る１１頭は力尽きる？|date=8 Feb 2005|work=Yomiuri Online|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref>
 
Shiretoko Peninsula is one of the few places where groups of male [[Sperm Whale]]s and [[Baird's Beaked Whale]]s can be spotted from the shore. Other frequently seen species include [[Minke Whale]]s, [[Pacific White-sided Dolphin]]s, [[Dall's Porpoise]]s and [[Harbour Porpoise]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slw.jp/kujiranokai_webdeck.html|title=The Whale View Park: Observation Deck|last=Sato|first=Hal|work=The SeaLife Watch|language=self-published|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of national parks of Japan]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia#Japan (14)|List of World Heritage Sites in Japan]]
*[[Tourism in Japan]]
 
[[Humpback Whale]]s, [[Fin Whale]]s, [[North Pacific Right Whale]]s, [[Blue Whale]]s, [[White Whale]]s, [[Cuvier's Beaked Whale]]s, [[Stejneger's beaked whale]]s, [[Short-Finned Pilot Whale]]s can also be observed.
==External links==
* http://www.biodic.go.jp/english/jpark/np/siretoko_e.html
* {{wikitravel}}
 
==Conservation efforts==
{{World Heritage Sites in Japan}}
To protect the wild animals and pristine natural beauty of the Shiretoko Peninsula, in 1964 a great portion of the peninsula was designated [[Shiretoko National Park]].<ref name="Hunt" /> Since then, the park has been subject to strict regulation as a nature preserve, and entering is prohibited.
 
== See also ==
{{National parks of Japan}}
{{Commons category|Shiretoko Peninsula}}
{{portal|Japan}}
* [[List of peninsulas]]
 
==References==
[[Category:National parks of Japan]]
{{reflist}}
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]]
[[Category:Parks and gardens in Hokkaido]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]]
 
{{Coord|44|05|46|N|145|09|14|E|display=title|region:JP-01_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}
 
[[Category:Peninsulas of Japan]]
{{Hokkaido-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Geography of Hokkaidō]]
{{Japan-protected-area-stub}}
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Hokkaido]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Japan]]
[[Category:Mountains of Hokkaidō]]
 
[[de:Shiretoko-Halbinsel]]
[[ar:حديقة شيريتوكو الوطنية]]
[[csfr:NárodníPéninsule parkde ŠiretokoShiretoko]]
[[dehr:Poluotok Shiretoko-Nationalpark]]
[[he:שירטוקו]]
[[et:Shiretoko rahvuspark]]
[[ja:知床半島]]
[[es:Parque Nacional de Shiretoko]]
[[pl:Półwysep Shiretoko]]
[[fa:پارک ملی شیرتوکو]]
[[frpt:Parc national de Shiretoko]]
[[ru:Сиретоко]]
[[ko:시레토코 국립공원]]
[[ta:சிறேதொகோ தீபகற்பம்]]
[[hy:Սիրետոկո ազգային այգի]]
[[th:คาบสมุทรชิเระโตะโกะ]]
[[it:Parco Nazionale Shiretoko]]
[[ka:შირეტოკოს ეროვნული პარკი]]
[[lt:Širetoko nacionalinis parkas]]
[[nl:Shiretoko (park)]]
[[ja:知床国立公園]]
[[no:Shiretoko nasjonalpark]]
[[pl:Park Narodowy Shiretoko]]
[[simple:Shiretoko National Park]]
[[fi:Shiretokon kansallispuisto]]
[[sv:Shiretoko nationalpark]]
[[ta:சிறேதொகோ தேசிய வனம்]]
[[th:อุทยานแห่งชาติชิเระโตะโกะ]]
[[vi:Vườn quốc gia Shiretoko]]
[[zh:知床國立公園半島]]
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Χερσόνησος_Σιρετόκο"