Κβαντικός υπολογιστής: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 36:
Τελικά, κατά τον τερματισμό του αλγορίθμου, το αποτέλεσμα πρέπει να διαβαστεί. Στην περίπτωση του κλασικού υπολογιστή έχουμε δείγμα από την κατανομή πιθανοτήτων πάνω σε έναν καταχωριτή τριών bit για να πάρει μια οριστική ακολουθία τρειών bit, ας πούμε 000. Στην κβαντική μηχανική μετράμε τη καταστάση τρειών qubit, η οποία είναι ισοδύναμη με την κατάρευση της κβαντικής κατάστασης σε κανονική κατανομή (με τους συντελεστές στην κλασική κατάσταση να είναι τετραγωνικά μεγέθη των συντελεστών για την κβαντική κατάσταση, όπως περιγράφικε παραπάνω), ακολουθούμενη από δειγματοληψία από αυτήν την κατανομή. Σημειώστε ότι αυτό καταστρέφει την κανονική κβαντική κατάσταση. Πολλοί αλγόριθμοι θα δώσουν την σωστή απάντηση με κάποια πιθανότητα. Οστόσο, από την επαναλαμβανόμενη αρχικοποίηση, το να τρέχουμε και να κάνουμε μετρήσεις στον κβαντικό υπολογιστή, αυξάνει την πιθανότητα να πάρουμε την σωστή απάντηση.
==Αναφορές==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Βιβλιογραφία==
*{{Cite book | author= [[Michael Nielsen|Nielsen, Michael]] and [[Isaac L. Chuang|Chuang, Isaac]] |title=Quantum Computation and Quantum Information |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2000 |isbn=0-521-63503-9 |oclc= 174527496 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aai-P4V9GJ8C&printsec=frontcover}}
===Γενικές Αναφορές===
<!-- These need to be inlined -->
*{{Cite journal | author=[[Derek Abbott]], [[Charles R. Doering]], [[Carlton M. Caves]], [[Daniel Lidar|Daniel M. Lidar]], [[Howard Brandt|Howard E. Brandt]], [[Alexander R. Hamilton]], [[David K. Ferry]], [[Julio Gea-Banacloche]], [[Sergey M. Bezrukov]], and [[Laszlo B. Kish]] |title=Dreams versus Reality: Plenary Debate Session on Quantum Computing |journal=Quantum Information Processing |year=2003 |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=449–472 |doi=10.1023/B:QINP.0000042203.24782.9a | arxiv=quant-ph/0310130 |id={{hdl|2027.42/45526}}}}
*David P. DiVincenzo (2000). "The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation". ''Experimental Proposals for Quantum Computation''. {{arxiv|quant-ph/0002077}}
*{{Cite journal | author=David P. DiVincenzo |title=Quantum Computation |journal=Science |year=1995 |volume=270 |issue=5234 |pages=255–261 |doi= 10.1126/science.270.5234.255 |bibcode = 1995Sci...270..255D }} Table 1 lists switching and dephasing times for various systems.
*{{Cite journal | author=[[Richard Feynman]] |title=Simulating physics with computers |journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics |volume=21 |page=467 |year=1982 |doi = 10.1007/BF02650179 |bibcode = 1982IJTP...21..467F | issue=6–7 }}
*{{Cite book | author=Gregg Jaeger |title=Quantum Information: An Overview |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |year=2006 |isbn=0-387-35725-4 |oclc=255569451}}
*{{Cite book | author= Stephanie Frank Singer |title=Linearity, Symmetry, and Prediction in the Hydrogen Atom |publisher=Springer |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=0-387-24637-1 |oclc= 253709076}}
*{{Cite book | author= Giuliano Benenti |title=Principles of Quantum Computation and Information Volume 1 | publisher=World Scientific |location=New Jersey |year=2004 |isbn=981-238-830-3 |oclc= 179950736}}
*Sam Lomonaco [http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~lomonaco/Lectures.html#OxfordLectures Four Lectures on Quantum Computing given at Oxford University in July 2006]
*C. Adami, N.J. Cerf. (1998). "Quantum computation with linear optics". {{arxiv|quant-ph/9806048v1}}.
*<cite id=Joachim>{{Cite book
|author = Joachim Stolze,
|coauthors = Dieter Suter,
|year = 2004
|title = Quantum Computing
|publisher = Wiley-VCH
|isbn = 3-527-40438-4
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Ian>{{cite web
|author = Ian Mitchell,
|year = 1998
|title = Computing Power into the 21st Century: Moore's Law and Beyond
|url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mitchell98computing.html
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Rolf>{{cite web
|author = [[Rolf Landauer]],
|year = 1961
|title = Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process
|url = http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/053/ibmrd0503C.pdf
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Moore>{{Cite book
|author = [[Gordon E. Moore]]
|year = 1965
|title = Cramming more components onto integrated circuits
|journal = Electronics Magazine
}}</cite>
*<cite id=R.w.>{{Cite book
|author = R.W. Keyes,
|year = 1988
|title = Miniaturization of electronics and its limits
|journal = "IBM Journal of Research and Development"
}}</cite>
*<cite id=M.>{{cite web
|author = [[Michael Nielsen|M. A. Nielsen]],
|coauthors = E. Knill, ; [[Raymond Laflamme|R. Laflamme]],
|year =
|title = Complete Quantum Teleportation By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/595490.html
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Lieven>{{Cite book
|author = Lieven M.K. Vandersypen,
|coauthors = Constantino S. Yannoni, ; Isaac L. Chuang,
|year = 2000
|title = Liquid state NMR Quantum Computing
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Imai>{{Cite book
|author = Imai Hiroshi,
|coauthors = Hayashi Masahito,
|year = 2006
|title = Quantum Computation and Information
|publisher = Springer
|isbn = 3-540-33132-8
|location = Berlin
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Andre>{{cite web
|author = Andre Berthiaume,
|year = 1997
|title = Quantum Computation
|url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/berthiaume97quantum.html
}}</cite>
*<cite id=David>{{cite web
|author = Daniel R. Simon,
|year = 1994
|title = On the Power of Quantum Computation
|publisher = Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Computer Society Press
|url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/simon94power.html
}}</cite>
*<cite id=rub>{{cite web
|title = Seminar Post Quantum Cryptology
|publisher = Chair for communication security at the Ruhr-University Bochum
|url = http://www.crypto.rub.de/its_seminar_ss08.html
}}</cite>
*<cite id=Sanders>{{cite web
|author = Laura Sanders,
|year = 2009
|title = First programmable quantum computer created
|url = http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/49951/title/First_programmable_quantum_computer_created
}}</cite>
*<cite id=sb>{{cite web
|title = New trends in quantum computation
|url = http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/itp/conf/simons-qcomputation2/
}}
</cite>
==Εξωτερικές Αναφορές==
*[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]: "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-quantcomp/ Quantum Computing]" by Amit Hagar.
*[http://www.quantiki.org/ Quantiki] – Wiki and portal with free-content related to quantum information science.
*[http://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/ Scott Aaronson's blog]<!--Comes highly recommended by Tim Gowers-->, which features informative and critical commentary on developments in the field<!--and which delivers regular smackdowns of D-Wave rubbish-->
;Lectures
*[https://www.coursera.org/course/qcomp Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computation] — [[Coursera]] course by [[Umesh Vazirani]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1826E60FD05B44E4 Quantum computing for the determined] — 22 video lectures by [[Michael Nielsen]]
*[http://www.quiprocone.org/Protected/DD_lectures.htm Video Lectures] by [[David Deutsch]]
*[http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/IHP2006/ Lectures at the Institut Henri Poincaré (slides and videos)]
*[http://nanohub.org/resources/4778 Online lecture on An Introduction to Quantum Computing, Edward Gerjuoy (2008)]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWcT_qrBN_w Quantum Computing research by Mikko Möttönen at Aalto University (video)]
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