Σεβαστοκράτωρ: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

The title was created by Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] (r. 1081–1118) to honour his elder brother [[Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I)|Isaac Komnenos]].<ref name="ODB">{{cite book harvnb| editor-last=Kazhdan | editor-first=Alexander | editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan |year=1991 | title=[[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]] | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-504652-6 | pagep=1862}}.</ref> According to [[Anna Komnene]], Alexios did this to raise Isaac above the rank of ''[[Caesar (title)|Caesar]]'', which he had already promised to his brother-in-law, [[Nikephoros Melissenos]]. Anna Komnene calls the rank of ''sebastokratōr'' that of "a second Emperor", and also records that along with the ''Caesar'' a ''sebastokratōr'' was granted the right to wear a crown (but not the imperial diadem).<ref>[[Anna Komnene]],. ''[[Alexiad]]'', [[s:The Alexiad/Book III#Chapter IV|III3.4]].</ref> During the [[Komnenian dynasty]], the title continued to be the highest below that of Emperor until 1163, when Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] created the title of ''[[Despot (court title)|despotēs]]''. It was at that period given exclusively to members of the imperial family, chiefly younger sons of the Byzantine emperor.<ref name="ODB"/>

After the occupation of the Byzantine Empire by the leaders of the [[Fourth Crusade]] in 1204, the title was adopted in the [[Latin Empire]], the [[Empire of Nicaea]], and the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]. In Nicaea and the post-1261 restored Empire, the title remained one of the highest, and was almost always restricted to members of the imperial family. The last known holder of the title was [[Demetrios I Kantakouzenos|Demetrios Kantakouzenos]], a ruler in the [[Peloponnese]] in the late 14th century.<ref name="ODB"/>

According to the sources, the distinctive colour associated with the title was blue: the ''sebastokratōr''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[Byzantine dress|ceremonial costume]] included blue [[stockings]] and blue [[boots]]. In ca.circa 1260, according to [[George Akropolites]], the ''sebastokratores'' who were members of the imperial family were distinguished from those who were not by having embroidered golden [[eagles]] on their shoes.<ref>{{citation harvnb| last=Macrides | first=Ruth | title=George Akropolites: The History - Introduction, translation and commentary | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2007 | isbnpp=978-0-19-921067-1 | page= 350, 366–367}}.</ref> By the time of [[pseudo-Kodinos]] in the mid-14th century, the embroidered eagles on a red field were standard. According to Kodinos, the ceremonial costume also included a red [[tunic]] (''[[chlamys]]'') and crown (''stephanos'', not the diadem) of red and gold.<ref>{{cite book harvnb| title=Reconstructing the reality of images: Byzantine material culture and religious. iconography (11th to 15th centuries) | last=Parani | first=Maria G. |year=2003 | publisher=BRILL | isbn=978-9004124622 | pagespp=63, 67–69, 72}}.</ref> The ''sebastokratōr'' also had the prerogative of signing documents with a special blue [[ink]].<ref name="ODB"/>

== References Gallery==