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Το «'''Οικονομικά σε ένα μάθημα'''» είναι μια εισαγωγή στα οικονομικά της [[Ελεύθερη αγορά|ελεύθερης αγοράς]], γραμμένη από τον [[Χένρυ Χάζλιτ]] που πρωτοεκδόθηκε το [[1946]]. Βασίζεται στο δοκίμιο του [[Φρεντερίκ Μπαστιά]] «Αυτό που βλέπουμε και αυτό που δεν βλέπουμε»<ref>Αποκαλούμενο ως «η πιο διαρκής συνεισφορά του Χάζλιτ», το βιβλίο πούλησε σχεδόν ένα εκατομμύριο αντίτυπα και διατείθεται σε δέκα γλώσσες. Δες: {{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl/9780517548233.html |title=Economics in One Lesson, The Shortest and Surest Way to Understand Basic Economics |publisher=Random House.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-16}}; {{cite web|url=http://wichitaliberty.org/economics/economics-in-one-lesson-50th-anniversary-edition/ |title=Economics in One Lesson, 50th Anniversary Edition |publisher=Voice For Liberty in Wichita |date=1933-10-16 |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref>.
{{Infobox book
| name = Economics in One Lesson
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image =
| caption = 2007 edition cover
| author = [[Henry Hazlitt]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| subject = [[Economics]]
| genre =
| publisher = Harper & Brothers
| pub_date = 1946
| english_pub_date =
| media_type =
| pages = 218
| isbn = 0517548232
| oclc = 167574
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''Economics in One Lesson''''' is an introduction to [[free market]] [[economics]] written by [[Henry Hazlitt]] and first published in 1946. It is based on [[Frédéric Bastiat]]'s essay ''{{lang|fr|Ce qu'on voit et ce qu'on ne voit pas}}'' (English: "What is Seen and What is Not Seen").<ref>Called Hazlitt's "most enduring contribution," the book has sold nearly one million copies and is available in at least ten languages. See: {{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl/9780517548233.html |title=Economics in One Lesson, The Shortest and Surest Way to Understand Basic Economics |publisher=Random House.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-16}}; {{cite web|url=http://wichitaliberty.org/economics/economics-in-one-lesson-50th-anniversary-edition/ |title=Economics in One Lesson, 50th Anniversary Edition |publisher=Voice For Liberty in Wichita |date=1933-10-16 |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref>
Το «Ένα μάθημα» καταγράφεται στο πρώτο μέρος του βιβλίου:
The "One Lesson" is stated in Part One of the book:
{{quote|The art of economics consists in looking not merely at the immediate but at the longer effects of any act or policy; it consists in tracing the consequences of that policy not merely for one group but for all groups.}}
{{απόσπασμα|Η τέχνη των Οικονομικών αποτελείται όχι μόνο από την παρατήρηση των άμεσα ορατών συνεπειών, αλλά από το να παρατηρείς τα μακροπρόθεσμα αποτελέσματα μιας οποιασδήποτε πράξης ή πολιτικής. Συντελείται με τον εντοπισμό των συνεπειών αυτής της πολιτικής όχι μόνο με αναφορά σε ένα συγκεκριμένο υποσύνολο-ομάδα αλλά με αναφορά στο σύνολο των υποσυνόλων.}}
Part Two consists of twenty-four chapters, each demonstrating the lesson by tracing the effects of one common economic belief, and exposing common economic belief as a series of [[parable of the broken window|fallacies]].
Το δεύτερο μέρος του βιβλίου αποτελείται από 24 κεφάλαια, καθένα από τα οποία παρουσιάζει το επιμύθιο μέσα από τον εντοπισμό των συνεπειών μιας κοινής οικονομικής δοξασίας και εκθέτοντας αυτές τις κοινές δοξασίες περί οικονομίας ως ένα σύνολο λογικών σφαλμάτων.
Among its policy recommendations are the advocacy of [[free trade]], an opposition to [[price controls]], an opposition to [[monetary inflation]], and an opposition to [[fiscal policy|stimulative governmental expenditures]]:
Ανάμεσα στις προτάσεις πολιτικής που εισηγείται το βιβλίο είναι η συνηγορία προς το ελεύθερο εμπόριο, η αντίθεση στον έλεγχο των τιμών, η αντίθεση στον νομισματικό πληθωρισμό και η αντίθεση στις κρατικές ενισχύσεις της αγοράς από τον κυβερνητικό προϋπολογισμό:
{{quote|There are men regarded today as brilliant economists, who deprecate saving and recommend squandering on a national scale as the way of economic salvation; and when anyone points to what the consequences of these policies will be in the long run, they reply flippantly, as might the prodigal son of a warning father: 'In the long run we are all dead.' And such shallow wisecracks pass as devastating epigrams and the ripest wisdom.}}
{{απόσπασμα|Στις μέρες μας, υπάρχουν άνθρωποι που θεωρούνται εξαίρετοι οικονομολόγοι και οι οποίοι απαξιώνουν την αποταμίευση και προτείνουν την αστόχαστη δαπάνη (σπατάλη) χρήματος σε εθνικό επίπεδο ως το μέσο για την οικονομική σωτηρία. Και όταν κάποιος αναδεικνύει το ποιές θα είναι οι μακροπρόθεσμες συνέπειες αυτής της πολιτικής, εκείνοι ανταποκρίνονται αδιάφορα όπως μάλλον ο άσωτος υιός ενός συνετού πατέρα: «Μακροπρόθεσμα είμαστε όλοι νεκροί». Και τέτοια ρηχά (επιφανειακά) ευφυολογήματα περνούν ως εξαιρετικά εντυπωσιακά και δυναμικά επιγράμματα και ως έκφραση της πλέον ώριμης σοφίας.}}
==The contents of the fiftieth anniversary edition==
* A Foreword by [[Steve Forbes]]
* Part One: The Lesson
* Part Two: The Lesson Applied
** The Broken Window
** The Blessings of Destruction
** Public Works Mean Taxes
** Taxes Discourage Production
** Credit Diverts Production
** The Curse of Machinery
** Spread-the-Work Schemes
** Disbanding Troops and Bureaucrats
** The Fetish of Full Employment
** Who's "Protected" by Tariffs?
** The Drive for Exports
** "Parity" Prices
** Saving the X Industry
** How the Price System Works
** "Stabilizing" Commodities
** Government Price-Fixing
** What Rent Control Does
** Minimum Wage Laws
** Do Unions Really Raise Wages?
** "Enough to Buy Back the Product"
** The Function of Profits
** The Mirage of Inflation
** The Assault on Savings
** The Lesson Restated
* Part Three: The Lesson After Thirty Years
==Παραπομπές==
==Reception==
{{Παραπομπές}}
[[Κατηγορία:Φιλελεύθερα βιβλία]]
===Praise===
{{Over-quotation|section|date=July 2012}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2012}}
“Those who wish to ponder the policy implications of the Austrian view at greater length can't do better than picking up a copy of Henry Hazlitt's ''Economics in One Lesson''. Hazlitt is one of the finest writers ever to tackle economic issues. In this book, inspired by Bastiat's conception of the seen and unseen aspects of policy, he examines a wide variety of economic interventions.” — [[Gene Callahan (economist)|Gene Callahan]]
“Henry Hazlitt’s explanation of how a price system works is a true classic: timeless, correct, painlessly instructive.” — [[Milton Friedman]]
“I strongly recommend that every American acquire some basic knowledge of economics, monetary policy, and the intersection of politics with the economy. No formal classroom is required; a desire to read and learn will suffice. There are countless important books to consider, but the following are an excellent starting point: ''The Law'' by Frédéric Bastiat; ''Economics in One Lesson'' by Henry Hazlitt; ''What has Government Done to our Money?'' by Murray Rothbard; ''The Road to Serfdom'' by Friedrich Hayek; and ''Economics for Real People'' by Gene Callahan. ... If you simply read and comprehend these relatively short texts, you will know far more than most educated people about economics and government. You certainly will develop a far greater understanding of how supposedly benevolent government policies destroy prosperity. If you care about the future of this country, arm yourself with knowledge and fight back against economic ignorance. We disregard economics and history at our own peril.” — [[Ron Paul]]
“If I am able to get my children to read only one economics text in their lifetime, God forbid, it would be Hazlitt’s.”<ref><cite>''The Dao of Capital: Austrian Investing in a Distorted World''. New York: John Wiley & Sons. September, 2013</ref> — [[Mark Spitznagel]]
===Criticism===
{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
Economist [[J. Bradford DeLong]] said Hazlitt's book well states the Classical view of economics, but does not properly address arguments made by Keynesians.<ref>{{cite web |last=DeLong |first=Brad |title=Economics in One Lesson |url=http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2005/04/economics_in_on.html |work=Brad DeLong – Grasping Reality with Both Invisible Hands: Fair, Balanced, and Reality-Based: A Semi-Daily Journal |publisher=Brad DeLong |authorlink=J. Bradford DeLong |date=April 10, 2005}}</ref>
However, in 1959 Hazlitt published ''[[The Failure of the New Economics]]'', a detailed, chapter-by-chapter critique of [[John Maynard Keynes]]' arguments.
==Publication history==
In a paperback edition in 1961, a new chapter was added on [[rent control]], which had not been specifically considered in the first edition apart from government price-fixing in general. A few statistics and illustrative references were brought up to date.
In 1978, a new edition was released. In addition to bringing all illustrations and statistics up to date, an entirely new chapter on rent control replaced the previous one of 1961, and a final new chapter, "The Lesson After Thirty Years," was added.
The Madrid-based Spanish publishing house [[Unión Editorial]], which traditionally publishes books in [[Spanish language]] in defense of market economy and [[liberalism]], released ''La Economía en una lección'' in 1981, 1996 and 2005.
A German edition, titled ''{{lang|de|Economics. Über Wirtschaft und Misswirtschaft}}'', was first released in 1983 by Poller in [[Stuttgart]]. In May 2009, it was reprinted by Olzog.
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| others =Special Edition for the [[Foundation for Economic Education]]
| title =Economics in One Lesson
| url =http://www.fee.org/doc/economics_in_one_lesson/
| edition =
| year =1952
| publisher =Pocket Books
| location =New York
| language =
| isbn =
}}
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| others =
| title =Economics in One Lesson
| edition =
| year =1988
| publisher =[[Three Rivers Press]]
| location =New York
| language =
| isbn =978-0517548233
}}
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| others =
| title =Economics in One Lesson: 50th Anniversary Edition
| edition =
| year =1996
| publisher =Fox & Wilkes
| location =
| language =
| isbn =0930073193
}} ISBN 0930073207 (hardback)
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| others =Introduction by [[Walter Block]]
| title =Economics in One Lesson
| url =https://mises.org/document/6785/Economics-in-One-Lesson
| edition =
| year =2008
| publisher =[[Ludwig von Mises Institute]]
| location =Auburn
| language =
| isbn =978-1933550213
}}
* {{cite book
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| others =
| title =Economics in One Lesson
| edition =
| year =2012
| publisher =[[Laissez Faire Books|LFB]]
| location =Baltimore
| language =
| isbn =978-0983541462
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Henry%20Hazlitt/Economics%20in%20One%20Lesson.pdf Mises.org] (pdf)
* [http://www.fee.org/pdf/books/Economics_in_one_lesson.pdf The Foundation for Economic Education] (pdf)
* [http://unioneditorial.net/ Unión Editorial, publisher of the Spanish translation]
* [http://steshaw.org/economics-in-one-lesson/ Online HTML version] (html)
* [http://www.fee.org/library/detail/economics-in-one-lesson-abridged-audiobook An abridged audiobook version]
[[Category:1946 books]]
[[Category:Economics books]]
[[Category:Capitalist books]]
[[Category:Austrian School publications]]
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