Αποστασία: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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{{άλλεςχρήσεις4|θρησκευτική αποστασία γενικότερα|την αποστασία του 1965|Αποστασία του 1965}}
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Η '''αποστασία''' (προερχόμενη από τις λέξεις ''από'' και ''στάσις'', δηλαδή κατα λέξη, απομάκρυνση) είναι όρος που περιγράφει την αποκήρυξη εκ μέρους ενός ατόμου της [[Θρησκεία|θρησκείας]] του, ειδικά όταν θεωρείται ότι υποκινείται από ποταπά κίνητρα. Από τεχνικής άποψης, κατά τη χρήση του όρου στην [[Κοινωνιολογία]] χωρίς την υποτιμητική απόχρωση του όρου, ο όρος αναφέρεται στην αποκήρυξη ''και'' την άσκηση κριτικής ή εναντίωσης προς την θρησκεία στην οποία ανήκε προηγουμένως το άτομο. Το άτομο που διαπράττει την αποστασία ονομάζεται '''αποστάτης''', εκείνος ο οποίος '''αποστατεί'''. Στην παλιότερη [[Δυτικός κόσμος|Δυτική]] φιλολογία, ο όρος αναφερόταν τυπικά στους [[Βάφτισμα|βαφτισμένους]] [[Χριστιανισμός|Χριστιανούς]] οι οποίοι εγκατέλειψαν την πίστη τους. Οι όροι αποστάτες και αποστασία δεν αποτελούν συνήθως αυτοπροσδιορισμό: ελάχιστα πρώην μέλη κάποιας θρησκείας αποκαλούν τους εαυτούς τους αποστάτες και γενικά θεωρούν τους όρους αυτούς υποτιμητικούς. Κάποιοι λόγοι που οδηγούν κάποιον στην αποκήρυξη της θρησκείας του είναι η απώλεια της [[Πίστη|πίστης]] του, η υποτιθέμενη αποτυχία της θρησκευτικής [[Κατήχηση|κατήχησης]] και/ή η [[πλύση εγκεφάλου]].
 
Γραμμή 40:
* [[Αφορισμός]]
* [[Αποστασία του 1965]] (παράδειγμα πολιτικής χρήσης του όρου)
 
==Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι ==
* [http://www.backtoislam.com Back To Islam - Stories of ex-apostates of Islam]
* [http://www.islamonline.net/fatwa/english/FatwaDisplay.asp?hFatwaID=117869 Fatwa, Islam & freedom]
* [http://www.religioustolerance.org/isl_apos.htm APOSTASY (IRTIDÃD) IN ISLAM: The act in which a Muslim abandons Islam]
* [http://www.answering-christianity.com/apostates.htm Apostasy in Islam]
* [http://www.sunna.info/Lessons/islam_333.html Apostasy From Islam]
* [http://www.exchristian.net ExChristian.net] — encouraging Ex-Christians
* [http://www.kelebekler.com/cesnur/eng.htm The CESNUR case] website of Miguel Martinez, a critical former member of [[New Acropolis]], who criticizes [[Massimo Introvigne]]'s study of ex-members of New Acropolis and the assertions made by [[Bryan R. Wilson]] about apostates
* [http://endtimepilgrim.org/apostasy.htm The Great Apostasy at the end of the age] — Helpful quotes from article include: "He will establish his 666 economic system based on some sort of blood covenant marking of citizens. This will be the ultimate apostasy."
* [http://www.faithfreedom.org/testimonials.htm More Apostasy form Islam] More testimonial apostasy.
 
 
==Υποσημειώσεις==
<div style="font-size: 85%"><references/></div>
 
 
*{{note|Coser1954}} [[Lewis A. Coser]] ''The Age of the Informer'' Dissent:1249-54, 1954
# [[Benjamin Beith-Hallahmi|Beith-Hallahmi, Benjamin]] ''Dear Colleagues: Integrity and Suspicion in NRM Research'', 1997, [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/c59.htm]
# [[David G. Bromley|Bromley David G.]] et al., ''The Role of Anecdotal Atrocities in the Social Construction of Evil,'' in Bromley, David G et al. (ed.), ''Brainwashing Deprogramming Controversy: Sociological, Psychological, Legal, and Historical Perspectives (Studies in religion and society)'' p. 156, 1984, ISBN 08-8946-868
# Duhaime, Jean ([[Université de Montréal]]) ''Les Témoignages de convertis et d'ex-adeptes'' (English: ''The testimonies of converts and former followers'', in Mikael Rothstein et al. (ed.), ''New Religions in a Postmodern World'', 2003, ISBN 8772887486
# Dunlop, Mark, ''The culture of Cults'', 2001 [http://www.fwbo-files.com/CofC.htm]
# [[Massimo Introvigne|Introvigne, Massimo]] ''Defectors, Ordinary Leavetakers and Apostates: A Quantitative Study of Former Members of New Acropolis in France'' - paper delivered at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, San Francisco, November 23, 1997 [http://www.cesnur.org/testi/Acropolis.htm]
# The Jewish Encylopedia (1906). The Kopelman Foundation. [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com]
# Kliever. Lonnie D, Ph.D. ''The Reliability of Apostate Testimony About New Religious Movements'', 1995. [http://www.neuereligion.de/ENG/Kliever/start.htm]
# Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''The Odyssey of a New Religion: [[The Holy Order of MANS]] from New Age to Orthodoxy'' Indiana University press;
# Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''Shifting Millenial Visions in New Religious Movements: The case of the Holy Order of MANS'' in ''The year 2000: Essays on the End'' edited by Charles B. Strozier, New York University Press 1997;
# Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''From Holy Order of MANS to Christ the Savior Brotherhood: The Radical Transformation of an Esoteric Christian Order'' in Timothy Miller (ed.), ''America's Alternative Religions'' State University of New York Press, 1995;
# Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''The Eleventh Commandment Fellowship: A New Religious Movement Confronts the Ecological Crisis'', Journal of Contemporary Religion 10:3, 1995:229-41;
# Lucas, Phillip Charles, ''Social factors in the Failure of New Religious Movements: A Case Study Using Stark's Success Model'' SYZYGY: Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture 1:1, Winter 1992:39-53
# [[Gordon J. Melton| Melton, Gordon J.]], ''Brainwashing and the Cults: The Rise and Fall of a Theory'', 1999. [http://www.cesnur.org/testi/melton.htm]
# [[Brian R. Wilson|Wilson, Bryan R.]] (Ed.) ''The Social Dimensions of Sectarianism'', Rose of Sharon Press, 1981.
# Wilson, Bryan R. ''Apostates and New Religious Movements'', Oxford, England, 1994
# Zablocki, Benjamin, ''Reliability and validity of apostate accounts in the study of religious communities''. Paper presented at the Association for the Sociology of Religion in New York City, Saturday, August 17, 1996.
# Zablocki, Benjamin et al., ''Research on NRMs in the Post-9/11 World'', in Lucas ,Phillip Charles et al. (ed.), ''NRMs in the 21st Century: legal, political, and social challenges in global perspective'', 2004, ISBN 0145965772
# Apostates of islam, why islam should be avoided [http://www.apostatesofislam.com]
 
==Βιβλιογραφία==
===Μαρτυρίες, απομνημονεύματα και αυτοβιογραφίες===
*Dubreuil, J. P. 1994 ''L'Église de Scientology. Facile d'y entrer, difficile d'en sortir''. Sherbrooke: private edition (ex-[[Church of Scientology]])
*Huguenin, T. 1995 ''Le 54<sup>e</sup>'' Paris Fixot (ex-[[Ordre du Temple Solaire]] who would be the 54th victim)
* Kaufmann, ''Inside Scientology/Dianetics: How I Joined Dianetics/Scientology and Became Superhuman'', 1995 [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/dst/Library/Shelf/kaufman/isd/isd.htm]
*Lavallée, G. 1994 ''L'alliance de la brebis. Rescapée de la secte de Moïse'', Montréal: Club Québec Loisirs (ex-[[Roch Theriault]])
* Pignotti, Monica, '' My nine lives in Scientology'', 1989, [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/pignotti/]
* Wakefield, Margery, ''Testimony'', 1996 [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/Web/People/dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/testimony.html]
* Lawrence Woodcraft, Astra Woodcraft, Zoe Woodcraft, ''The Woodcraft Family'', Video Interviews [http://www.xenutv.com/interviews/woodcrafts.htm]
 
===Συγγράμματα άλλων===
*Bromley, David G. (Ed.) ''The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements'' CT, Praeger Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-275-95508-7
*Carter, Lewis, F. Lewis, ''Carriers of Tales: On Assessing Credibility of Apostate and Other Outsider Accounts of Religious Practices'' published in the book ''The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements'' edited by David G. Bromley Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-275-95508-7
* Malinoski, Peter, ''Thoughts on Conducting Research with Former Cult Members '', Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001 [http://www.culticstudiesreview.com/csr_articles/malinoski_peter.htm]
*Palmer, Susan J. ''Apostates and their Role in the Construction of Grievance Claims against the Northeast Kingdom/Messianic Communities'' [http://www.12tribes.org/controversies/apostatesandtheirrole.html]
* Wright, Stuart. ''Post-Involvement Attitudes of Voluntary Defectors from Controversial New Religious Movements''. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 23 (1984): pp. 172-82
 
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