Τρανσέξουαλ: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

Τα '''τρανσέξουαλ''' ([[αγγλικά]] transsexual), '''διεμφυλικά''' ή '''φυλομεταβατικά''' άτομα δεν ταυτίζονται με το [[φύλο]] που τους αποδόθηκε κατά τη γέννηση και επιθυμούν να μεταβούν μόνιμα στο φύλο με το οποίο αυτοπροσδιορίζονται μέσω ιατρικής επέμβασης ([[ορμονοθεραπεία]] και εγχείριση επαναπροσδιορισμού φύλου). Ο όρος ''τρανσέξουαλ'' είναι μόνο μία κατηγορία του όρου-ομπρέλα '''[[τρανς]]'''|τρανς ή '''transgenderτρανς τζέντερ]]'''<ref name="TR2006">''Transgender Rights'' (2006, ISBN 0816643121), edited by Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, Shannon Minter</ref><ref name="Bevan">Thomas E. Bevan, ''The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism'' (2014, ISBN 1440831270), page 42: "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective ''transgendered'' should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people."</ref><ref name="Alegria">A. C. Alegria, ''Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation'', in the ''Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners'', volume 23, issue 4 (2011), pages 175–182: "Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002)."</ref>, ο οποίος αφορά όλα τα άτομα που δεν μπορούν να ταυτιστούν με το φύλο που τους αποδόθηκε. Ωστόσο ορισμένα τρανσέξουαλ άτομα απορρίπτουν τον τίτλο του ''transgenderτρανς τζέντερ''.<ref name="Valentine">Valentine, David. ''Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category'', Duke University, 2007</ref><ref name="Stryker">[[Susan Stryker|Stryker, Susan]]. Introduction. In Stryker and S. Whittle (Eds.), ''The Transgender Studies Reader,'' New York: Routledge, 2006. 1–17</ref><ref>Kelley Winters, "Gender Madness in American Psychiatry, essays from the struggle for dignity, 2008, p. 198. "Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not."</ref><ref>[http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/fact-sheets/transsexualism.htm retrieved 20 August 2015: " Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people."]</ref> Όταν ένα άτομο εκφράζει την επιθυμία του να ζήσει και να είναι αποδεκτό σαν μέλος του ταυτιζόμενου φύλου του,<ref name="icd-10">{{cite web

== Τρανσέξουαλ και transgenderτρανς τζέντερ ==

Το [[1965]], επινοήθηκε ο όρος ''transgender'' από τον Τζον Όλιβεν (σταεπινόησε ελληνικάτην απλάέννοια ''[[τρανς|τρανς τζέντερ (αγγλ. transgender)]]''). ΚατάΤη τη [[δεκαετία 1990|δεκαετία του 90]]1990, ο όρος ''τρανσέξουαλ'' κατέληξε να θεωρείται ένα υποσύνολο του όρου-ομπρέλα [[transgenderτρανς|τρανς τζέντερ]]. Ο όρος ''transgenderτρανς τζέντερ'' (ή απλά τρανς) είναι τώρα πιο κοινός και πολλά τρανς άτομα προτιμούν να αποκαλούνται transgenderτρανς τζέντερ, απορρίπτοντας την προσφώνηση ''τρανσέξουαλ''.<ref name="Polly"/><ref name="Swanson"/><ref name="GLAAD Media Reference Guide"/>

Ο όρος ''τρανσέξουαλ'', ωστόσο, συνεχίζει να χρησιμοποιείται<ref name="Pauly">{{cite journal|last=Pauly MD |first=Ira B. |title=Terminology and Classification of Gender Identity Disorders |journal=Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1–12 |date=28 May 1993 |url=http://www.haworthpress.com/store/ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=DPRJKLWKVGB58LR50W0AD29WXCGU5XC7&ID=77620|accessdate=2007-02-26 |doi=10.1300/J056v05n04_01|issn=0890-7064}}</ref> και κάποια άτομα που προχωρούν σε ιατρική βοήθεια (για παράδειγμα εγχείριση αλλαγής φύλου) για να αλλάξουν τα γενετικά τους χαρακτηριστικά, προτιμούν την προσφώνηση ''τρανσέξουαλ'' από το ''transgenderτρανς τζέντερ''.<ref name="Polly">R Polly, J Nicole, ''Understanding the transsexual patient: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice'', in the ''Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal'' (2011): "The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals[,] however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history."</ref><ref name="Swanson">A Swenson, ''Medical Care of the Transgender Patient'', in ''Family Medicine'' (2014): "While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual."</ref><ref name="GLAAD Media Reference Guide">{{cite web|url=http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender|title= GLAAD Media Reference Guide|accessdate=2013-12-27}}</ref>