Χρήστης:Alex1991~elwiki/πρόχειρο: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 1:
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
| common_name = the Soviet Union
| native_name = {{ubl|style=font-size:smaller;|{{nowrap|Союз Советских Социалистических Республик}}<br />{{nowrap|{{small|''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik''}}}}}}
| era = 20th century
| religion = [[Secular state]] (de jure)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |title=ARTICLE 124. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102163245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |title=Article 52. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216062245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<br />[[State atheism]] (de facto)
| government_type = {{plainlist|
* '''1922–90''':<br/>[[Federalism|Federal]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[One-party state|one-party]] [[socialist state|socialist republic]]<ref name="ml1">''Historical Dictionary of Socialism''. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml2">[http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf Ideology, Interests, and Identity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063619/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf |date=21 July 2013 }}. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml3">[http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr The Fine Line between Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044353/http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr |date=8 August 2014 }}. Jennifer Noe Pahre. p. 336. "[...] the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state [...]". p. 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml4">[http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041725/http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf |date=8 August 2014 }}. Walker Connor. Page 31. "[...] four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)[...]".</ref>
* '''1990–91''':<br/>[[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465|title=Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'|publisher=Garant.ru|accessdate=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813151229/http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/|archive-date=13 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}}
| life_span = 1922–1991
| date_start = 30 December 1922
| event_start = [[Treaty on the Creation of the USSR|Treaty of Creation]] signed
| event1 = [[Operation Barbarossa|German<br />invasion]]
| date_event1 = 22 June 1941
| event2 = [[Victory in Europe Day|World War II<br />victory]]
| date_event2 = 9 May 1945
| event3 = [[Charter of the United Nations|Admitted]]<br />to the [[United Nations|UN]]
| date_event3 = 24 October 1945
| event4 = [[1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union|Last constitution]]<br />adopted
| date_event4 = 9 October 1977
| event5 = [[Warsaw Pact]]<br />dissolved
| date_event5 = 1 July 1991
| event6 = [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August<br/>Coup]]
| date_event6 = 19–22 August 1991
| event7 = [[Belovezha Accords]]
| date_event7 = 8 December 1991
|
| event_end = [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Accords<br />effective]]{{ref|1}}
| image_flag = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
| flag_type_article = Flag of the Soviet Union
| flag_type = Flag<br>(1955–91)
| flag = Flag of the Soviet Union
| image_coat = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
| symbol_type_article = State Emblem of the Soviet Union
| symbol_type = State emblem<br>(1956–91)
| symbol = State Emblem of the Soviet Union
| image_map = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map_size = 220
| image_map_caption = The Soviet Union in 1945–91
| capital = [[Moscow]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| national_motto = <br/>{{lang|ru|[[Workers of the world, unite!|Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!]]}}<br />{{small|("Workers of the world, unite!")}}
| national_anthem = {{plainlist|
* "[[The Internationale#Russian lyrics|The Internationale]]"<br>(1922–1944)
* [[File:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg|center]]
* [[File:Soviet Union national anthem instrumental 1977.ogg|center]]
}}
| official_languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref>''De facto'' before 1990</ref>{{ref|3}}
| regional_languages = {{hlist|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]|[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]|[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]|[[Moldovan language|Moldavian]]|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]|[[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]|[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]|[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]}}
| languages_type = Minority languages
| languages = {{hlist |[[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]|[[Bashkir language|Bashkir]]|[[Buryat language|Buryat]]|[[Finnish language|Finnish]]|[[German language|Volga German]]|[[Korean language|Korean]]|[[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]|[[Tatar language|Tatar]]|[[Languages of the Soviet Union|various others]]}}
| ethnic_groups = {{plainlist|
* 70% [[East Slavs]]
* 12% [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]
* 18% [[Demographics of the Soviet Union|other ethnic groups]]
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 1989
| demonym = [[Soviet people|Soviet]]
|
| currency_code = SUR
| title_leader = [[Leader of the Soviet Union|Leader]]
| leader1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| year_leader1 = 1922–1924
| leader2 = [[Joseph Stalin]]
| year_leader2 = 1924–1953
| leader3 = [[Georgy Malenkov]]
| year_leader3 = 1953
| leader4 = [[Nikita Khrushchev]]
| year_leader4 = 1953–1964
| leader5 = [[Leonid Brezhnev]]
| year_leader5 = 1964–1982
| leader6 = [[Yuri Andropov]]
| year_leader6 = 1982–1984
| leader7 = [[Konstantin Chernenko]]
| year_leader7 = 1984–1985
| leader8 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
| year_leader8 = 1985–1991
| representative1 = [[Mikhail Kalinin]]
| representative2 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
| year_representative1 = 1922–1946 <small>(first)</small>
| year_representative2 = 1988–1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_representative = [[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Head of state]]
| deputy1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| deputy2 = [[Ivan Silayev]]
| year_deputy1 = 1922–1924 <small>(first)</small>
| year_deputy2 = 1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_deputy = [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Head of government]]
| legislature = [[Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union|Congress of Soviets]]<br/>(1922–1938)<br/>[[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet]]<br/>(1938–1991)
| house1 = [[Soviet of Nationalities]]
| house2 = [[Soviet of the Union]]
| area_km2 = 22,402,200
| population_estimate = 293,000,000
| population_estimate_rank = 3rd
| population_estimate_year = 1991
| population_density_km2 = 8.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 21.8
| p1 = Bukharan People's Soviet Republic{{!}}Bukharan PSR
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg
| p2 = Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic{{!}}Byelorussian SSR
| flag_p2 = Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg
| p3 = Estonia
| flag_p3 = Flag of Estonia.svg
| p4 = Finland
| flag_p4 = Flag of Finland.svg
| p5 = Khorezm People's Soviet Republic{{!}}Khorezm PSR
| flag_p5 = Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg
| p6 = Kingdom of Romania
| flag_p6 = Flag of Romania.svg
| p7 = Latvia
| flag_p7 = Flag of Latvia.svg
| p8 = Lithuania
| flag_p8 = Flag of Lithuania (1918-1940).svg
| flag_p9 = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg
| p10 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian SFSR
| flag_p10 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg
| p11 = Second Polish Republic
| flag_p11 = Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg
| p12 = Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic{{!}}Transcaucasian SFSR
| flag_p12 = Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1925-1936).svg
| p13 = Tuvan People's Republic{{!}}Tuvan PR
| flag_p13 = Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg
| p14 = Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic{{!}}Ukrainian SSR
| flag_p14 = Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg
| s1 = Armenia
| flag_s1 = Flag of Armenia.svg
| s2 = Azerbaijan
| flag_s2 = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| s3 = Belarus
| flag_s3 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg
| s4 = Estonia
| flag_s4 = Flag of Estonia.svg
| s5 = Georgia (country){{!}}Georgia
| flag_s5 = Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg
| s6 = Kazakhstan
| flag_s6 = Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg
| s7 = Kyrgyzstan
| flag_s7 = Flag of Kyrgyzstan (1991-1992).svg
| s8 = Latvia
| flag_s8 = Flag of Latvia.svg
| s9 = Lithuania
| flag_s9 = Flag of Lithuania (1988–2004).svg
| s10 = Moldova
| flag_s10 = Flag of Moldova.svg
| s11 = Russia
| flag_s11 = Flag of Russia (1991-1993).svg
| s12 = Tajikistan
| flag_s12 = Flag of Tajikistan 1991-1992.svg
| s13 = Turkmenistan
| flag_s13 = Flag of the Turkmen SSR.svg
| s14 = Ukraine
| flag_s14 = Flag of Ukraine.svg
| s15 = Uzbekistan
| flag_s15 = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg
| footnotes = Notes
# {{note|1}}[[:s:ru:Декларация Совета Республик ВС СССР от 26.12.1991 № 142-Н|Declaration № 142-Н]] of the [[Soviet of Nationalities|Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]], formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. {{in lang|ru}}
# {{note|2}}Original lyrics used from 1944 to 1956. No lyrics from 1956 to 1977. Revised lyrics of 1977–91 displayed.
# {{note|3}}All-union official since 1990, constituent republics had the right to declare their own official languages.
# {{note|4}}Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.
| GDP_PPP = $2.7 trillion<ref name="theodora.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | title=GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System | access-date=29 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163518/https://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 2nd
| GDP_PPP_year = 1990
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,200
| GDP_nominal = $2.7 trillion<ref name="theodora.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | title=GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System | access-date=29 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163518/https://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year = 1990
| GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,200
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th
| Gini = 0.275
| Gini_year = 1989
| Gini_rank =
| Gini_change = low
| cctld = [[.su]]{{ref|4}}
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = +7
| time_zone = ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2 to +12)
| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy
| iso3166code = SU
| area_rank =
| today =
}}
| |||