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Alex1991~elwiki (συζήτηση | συνεισφορές)
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Alex1991~elwiki (συζήτηση | συνεισφορές)
1.688 επεξεργασίες
Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας
Γραμμή 1:
{Πληροφορίες πρώην χώρας
{{Infobox former country
|ιθαγενές_όνομα = Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
| conventional_long_name = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
|επίσημο_πλήρες_όνομα = Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών
| common_name = the Soviet Union
|κοινό_όνομα =
| native_name = {{ubl|style=font-size:smaller;|{{nowrap|Союз Советских Социалистических Республик}}<br />{{nowrap|{{small|''Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik''}}}}}}
|κοινό_όνομα_γενική =
| era = 20th century
|ήπειρος = Ευρώπη, Άσία
| religion = [[Secular state]] (de jure)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |title=ARTICLE 124. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102163245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |title=Article 52. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216062245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|περιοχή = Βαλτική, Καύκασος, Ανατολική Ευρώπη, Εύξυνος Πόντος, Σιβηρία, Άπω Ανατολή
<br />[[State atheism]] (de facto)
|χώρα = Ρωσία, Λευκορωσία, Ουκρανία, Γεωργία, Αρμενία, Αζερμπαϊτζάν, Λετονία, Μολδαβία
| government_type = {{plainlist|
|κατάσταση =
* '''1922–90''':<br/>[[Federalism|Federal]] [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[One-party state|one-party]] [[socialist state|socialist republic]]<ref name="ml1">''Historical Dictionary of Socialism''. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml2">[http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf Ideology, Interests, and Identity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063619/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf |date=21 July 2013 }}. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml3">[http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr The Fine Line between Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044353/http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr |date=8 August 2014 }}. Jennifer Noe Pahre. p. 336. "[...] the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state [...]". p. 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml4">[http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041725/http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf |date=8 August 2014 }}. Walker Connor. Page 31. "[...] four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)[...]".</ref>
|εποχή =
* '''1990–91''':<br/>[[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465|title=Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'|publisher=Garant.ru|accessdate=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813151229/http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/|archive-date=13 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|γεγονός_έναρξη = Ίδρυση ΕΣΣΔ
}}
|ημερομηνία_έναρξη = 30 Δεκεμβρίου 1922
| life_span = 1922–1991
|έτος_έναρξη = 1922
| date_start = 30 December 1922
|γεγονός_λήξη = Πραξικόπημα στη Σοβιετική Ένωση (1991)
| event_start = [[Treaty on the Creation of the USSR|Treaty of Creation]] signed
|ημερομηνία_λήξη = 26 Δεκεμβρίου 1991
| event1 = [[Operation Barbarossa|German<br />invasion]]
|έτος_λήξη = 1991
| date_event1 = 22 June 1941
|γεγονός_μετά =
| event2 = [[Victory in Europe Day|World War II<br />victory]]
|ημερομηνία_μετά =
| date_event2 = 9 May 1945
|p1 = Ρωσική Αυτοκρατορία
| event3 = [[Charter of the United Nations|Admitted]]<br />to the [[United Nations|UN]]
|σημαία_p1 = Flag of the Russian Empire (black-yellow-white).svg
| date_event3 = 24 October 1945
|p2 =
| event4 = [[1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union|Last constitution]]<br />adopted
|σημαία_p2 =
| date_event4 = 9 October 1977
|p3 =
| event5 = [[Warsaw Pact]]<br />dissolved
|σημαία_p3 =
| date_event5 = 1 July 1991
|p4 =
| event6 = [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August<br/>Coup]]
|σημαία_p4 =
| date_event6 = 19–22 August 1991
|p5 =
| event7 = [[Belovezha Accords]]
|σημαία_p5 =
| date_event7 = 8 December 1991
| date_end p6 = 26 December 1991
|σημαία_p6 =
| event_end = [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Accords<br />effective]]{{ref|1}}
|s1 = Ρωσία
| image_flag = Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
|s2 =
| flag_type_article = Flag of the Soviet Union
|s3 =
| flag_type = Flag<br>(1955–91)
|s4 =
| flag = Flag of the Soviet Union
|s5 =
| image_coat = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
|s6 =
| symbol_type_article = State Emblem of the Soviet Union
|s7 =
| symbol_type = State emblem<br>(1956–91)
|s8 =
| symbol = State Emblem of the Soviet Union
|s9 =
| image_map = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg
|σημαία_s1 = Flag of Russia.svg
| image_map_size = 220
|σημαία_s2 =
| image_map_caption = The Soviet Union in 1945–91
|σημαία_s3 =
| capital = [[Moscow]]
|σημαία_s4 =
| coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}}
|σημαία_s5 =
| largest_city = capital
|σημαία_s6 =
| national_motto = <br/>{{lang|ru|[[Workers of the world, unite!|Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!]]}}<br />{{small|("Workers of the world, unite!")}}
|σημαία_s7 =
| national_anthem = {{plainlist|
|σημαία_s8 =
* "[[The Internationale#Russian lyrics|The Internationale]]"<br>(1922–1944)
|σημαία_s9 =
* [[File:Internationale orchestral arrangement.ogg|center]]
*|εικόνα_σημαία "[[State= AnthemFlag of the Soviet Union]]"<br>(1944–1991){{ref|2}}.svg
|σημαία_alt =
* [[File:Soviet Union national anthem instrumental 1977.ogg|center]]
|σημαία = Σημαία της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης
}}
|εικόνα_θυρεός = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg
| official_languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref>''De facto'' before 1990</ref>{{ref|3}}
|σύμβολο_είδος =
| regional_languages = {{hlist|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]|[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]|[[Georgian language|Georgian]]|[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]|[[Moldovan language|Moldavian]]|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]|[[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]|[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]|[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]}}
|θυρεός_alt =
| languages_type = Minority languages
|εικόνα_χάρτης = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg
| languages = {{hlist |[[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]|[[Bashkir language|Bashkir]]|[[Buryat language|Buryat]]|[[Finnish language|Finnish]]|[[German language|Volga German]]|[[Korean language|Korean]]|[[Ossetian language|Ossetian]]|[[Tatar language|Tatar]]|[[Languages of the Soviet Union|various others]]}}
|εικόνα_χάρτης_alt =
| ethnic_groups = {{plainlist|
|εικόνα_χάρτης_λεζάντα = Η Σοβιετική Ένωση μετά τον [[Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος|Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο]]
* 70% [[East Slavs]]
|εθνικό_σύνθημα = ''Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!'' <br /> Μτφ: ''Προλετάριοι όλων των χωρών, ενωθείτε!''
* 12% [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]
|εθνικός_ύμνος = [[Η Διεθνής]] (1922-1944)
* 18% [[Demographics of the Soviet Union|other ethnic groups]]
[[File:Internationale-ru.ogg|center]]
}}
[[Ύμνος Σοβιετικής Ένωσης]] (1944-1991)
| ethnic_groups_year = 1989
[[File:Soviet Anthem Instrumental 1955.ogg|center]]
| demonym = [[Soviet people|Soviet]]
| currency πρωτεύουσα = [[Soviet rubleΜόσχα]] (руб)
|latd=52 |latm=31 |latNS=N |longd=13 |longm=24 |longEW=E
| currency_code = SUR
|κοινές_γλώσσες = [[Ρωσική γλώσσα|Ρωσικά]], [[Λευκορωσική γλώσσα|Λευκορωσικά]], [[Ουκρανική γλώσσα|Ουκρανικά]], [[Αρμενική γλώσσα|Αρμενικά]] και πολλές άλλες
| title_leader = [[Leader of the Soviet Union|Leader]]
|κυβέρνηση_είδος = [[Μαρξισμός-Λενινισμός]]<br />[[Ομοσπονδιακό κράτος|Ομοσπονδιακό]]<br /> [[Μονοκομματικό κράτος|Μονοκομματικό κράτος]] <ref>Το Άρθρο υπ' αριθμόν 6 του Συντάγματος της ΕΣΣΔ αναφέρει το εξής: ''Ηγετική και Καθοδηγητική δύναμη της σοβιετικής κοινωνίας, πυρήνας της πολιτικής της δύναμης, των κυβερνητικών και κοινωνικών οργανώσεων αποτελεί το Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης. Το ΚΚΣΕ υπάρχει για τον λαό και υπηρετεί τον λαό'' ([http://ria.ru/spravka/20100314/213855855.html RIA Novosti])</ref>.
| leader1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
|τίτλοι_ηγετών = [[Πρόεδρος της Σοβετικής Ένωσης]]<br>[[Πρωθυπουργός Της Σοβετικής Ένωσης|Πρωθυπουργός]]<br>[[Γραμματέας του κόμματος]]
| year_leader1 = 1922–1924
|ονόματα_ηγετών = [[Στάλιν]]<br>[[Λένιν]]<br>[[Καλινίν]]
| leader2 = [[Joseph Stalin]]
|νομοθετικόσώμα = [[Ανώτατο Σοβιέτ της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης|Ανώτατο Σοβιέτ]]
| year_leader2 = 1924–1953
|βουλή1 = Σοβιέτ της Ένωσης
| leader3 = [[Georgy Malenkov]]
|βουλή2 = Σοβιέτ των Εθνοτήτων
| year_leader3 = 1953
|είδος_βουλή1 =
| leader4 = [[Nikita Khrushchev]]
|στατ_έτος1 =
| year_leader4 = 1953–1964
|θρησκεία = Επίσημα:<br />[[Αθεϊσμός|Κρατικός αθεϊσμός]], [[Κοσμικισμός|Κοσμικό κράτος]]<br />Περισσότερα βλέπε:<br />[[Θρησκεία στην ΕΣΣΔ]]
| leader5 = [[Leonid Brezhnev]]
|στατ_πληθ1 = 293 εκατομμύρια
| year_leader5 = 1964–1982
|στατ_έτος2 =
| leader6 = [[Yuri Andropov]]
|στατ_πληθ2 =
| year_leader6 = 1982–1984
|στατ_έτος4 =
| leader7 = [[Konstantin Chernenko]]
|στατ_πληθ4 =
| year_leader7 = 1984–1985
|stat_area4 = 22 εκατ. km² ([[1989]])
| leader8 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
|νόμισμα = [[Σοβιετικό ρούβλι]]
| year_leader8 = 1985–1991
|σημειώσεις =
| representative1 = [[Mikhail Kalinin]]
|Όνομα εν συντομογραφία=CCCP (Ρώσικα) / ΕΣΣΔ (Ελληνικά)}}
| representative2 = [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
| year_representative1 = 1922–1946 <small>(first)</small>
| year_representative2 = 1988–1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_representative = [[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Head of state]]
| deputy1 = [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| deputy2 = [[Ivan Silayev]]
| year_deputy1 = 1922–1924 <small>(first)</small>
| year_deputy2 = 1991 <small>(last)</small>
| title_deputy = [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Head of government]]
| legislature = [[Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union|Congress of Soviets]]<br/>(1922–1938)<br/>[[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet]]<br/>(1938–1991)
| house1 = [[Soviet of Nationalities]]
| house2 = [[Soviet of the Union]]
| area_km2 = 22,402,200
| population_estimate = 293,000,000
| population_estimate_rank = 3rd
| population_estimate_year = 1991
| population_density_km2 = 8.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 21.8
| p1 = Bukharan People's Soviet Republic{{!}}Bukharan PSR
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg
| p2 = Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic{{!}}Byelorussian SSR
| flag_p2 = Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg
| p3 = Estonia
| flag_p3 = Flag of Estonia.svg
| p4 = Finland
| flag_p4 = Flag of Finland.svg
| p5 = Khorezm People's Soviet Republic{{!}}Khorezm PSR
| flag_p5 = Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg
| p6 = Kingdom of Romania
| flag_p6 = Flag of Romania.svg
| p7 = Latvia
| flag_p7 = Flag of Latvia.svg
| p8 = Lithuania
| flag_p8 = Flag of Lithuania (1918-1940).svg
| flag_p9 = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg
| p10 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian SFSR
| flag_p10 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg
| p11 = Second Polish Republic
| flag_p11 = Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg
| p12 = Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic{{!}}Transcaucasian SFSR
| flag_p12 = Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1925-1936).svg
| p13 = Tuvan People's Republic{{!}}Tuvan PR
| flag_p13 = Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg
| p14 = Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic{{!}}Ukrainian SSR
| flag_p14 = Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg
| s1 = Armenia
| flag_s1 = Flag of Armenia.svg
| s2 = Azerbaijan
| flag_s2 = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| s3 = Belarus
| flag_s3 = Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg
| s4 = Estonia
| flag_s4 = Flag of Estonia.svg
| s5 = Georgia (country){{!}}Georgia
| flag_s5 = Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg
| s6 = Kazakhstan
| flag_s6 = Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg
| s7 = Kyrgyzstan
| flag_s7 = Flag of Kyrgyzstan (1991-1992).svg
| s8 = Latvia
| flag_s8 = Flag of Latvia.svg
| s9 = Lithuania
| flag_s9 = Flag of Lithuania (1988–2004).svg
| s10 = Moldova
| flag_s10 = Flag of Moldova.svg
| s11 = Russia
| flag_s11 = Flag of Russia (1991-1993).svg
| s12 = Tajikistan
| flag_s12 = Flag of Tajikistan 1991-1992.svg
| s13 = Turkmenistan
| flag_s13 = Flag of the Turkmen SSR.svg
| s14 = Ukraine
| flag_s14 = Flag of Ukraine.svg
| s15 = Uzbekistan
| flag_s15 = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg
| footnotes = Notes
# {{note|1}}[[:s:ru:Декларация Совета Республик ВС СССР от 26.12.1991 № 142-Н|Declaration № 142-Н]] of the [[Soviet of Nationalities|Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]], formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. {{in lang|ru}}
# {{note|2}}Original lyrics used from 1944 to 1956. No lyrics from 1956 to 1977. Revised lyrics of 1977–91 displayed.
# {{note|3}}All-union official since 1990, constituent republics had the right to declare their own official languages.
# {{note|4}}Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.
| GDP_PPP = $2.7 trillion<ref name="theodora.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | title=GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System | access-date=29 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163518/https://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 2nd
| GDP_PPP_year = 1990
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,200
| GDP_nominal = $2.7 trillion<ref name="theodora.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | title=GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System | access-date=29 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163518/https://www.theodora.com/wfb/1991/rankings/gdp_million_1.html | archive-date=12 June 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year = 1990
| GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,200
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th
| Gini = 0.275
| Gini_year = 1989
| Gini_rank =
| Gini_change = low
| cctld = [[.su]]{{ref|4}}
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = +7
| time_zone = ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2 to +12)
| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy
| iso3166code = SU
| area_rank =
| today =
}}
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Χρήστης:Alex1991~elwiki/πρόχειρο"