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Συνθήκη της Οττάβα: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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μ clean up, Replaced: China → the People's Republic of China (2) using AWB
Γραμμή 1:
[[Image:Ottawa Treaty members.png|thumb|350px|{{legend|#0078ac|State Parties to the Ottawa Treaty}}]]
 
The '''Ottawa Treaty''' or the '''Mine Ban Treaty''', formally the '''Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction''', bans completely all anti-personnel landmines (AP-mines). It has been signed/accessioned by 154 countries since 1997 while forty have yet to sign, including the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Russia]] and the [[United States]].
 
== History ==
Γραμμή 10:
After that date, each additional country becomes bound six months after its instrument is deposited. At that point the country is considered to be a party to the treaty.
 
147 countries have ratified the treaty, seven have signed (but not yet ratified) and forty have not yet signed: (the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Cuba]], [[Finland]], [[India]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Israel]], [[Russia]], [[Singapore]], [[USA]], to name a few).
 
== Implementation of the treaty ==
Besides stopping the production and development of [[Antianti-personnel mine|anti-personnel mines]]s, a party to the treaty must destroy all the anti-personell mines in its possession within four years. Just a small number of mines is allowed to remain for training (mine-clearance, -detection, etc.). Within ten years after signing the treaty, the country should have cleared all of its mined areas. This is a difficult task for many countries, but at the annual meetings (see below) they may request an extension (and help).
 
Only anti-personnel mines are covered. Mixed mines, anti-handling devices (booby-traps) and other "static" explosive devices against persons are not within the treaty.
Γραμμή 23:
There were originally 122 signatories in [[1997]]; as of February [[2004]], it has been signed by 152 countries and ratified by 144.
 
The biggest countries that have not signed are the [[People's Republic of China]], [[India]], the [[United States]] and the [[Russian FederationRussia]]. The United States refuses to sign the treaty because it does not offer a "Korean exception", as landmines are a crucial component of the U.S. military strategy in [[South Korea]]. According to the US government, the one million mines along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|DMZ]] between North and South help maintain the delicate peace by deterring a North Korean attack. Despite conducting research on technologies that could replace the mines in Korea by 2006, in 1999 the U.S. modified the Ottawa Treaty by introducing the [[M86 Pursuit Deterrent Munition]] which was meant to slow enemy pursuit on retreating armed forces. While still a landmine, the M86 exploits technical loopholes in the Ottawa Treaty; therefore, the future of anti-personnel mines in the U.S. is unclear.
 
There is a clause in the treaty, Article 3, which permits countries to retain landmines for use in training or development of countermeasures. 64 countries have taken this option. In total 289,000 mines have been declared as retained by various countries under Article 3. A further 23 countries have not declared a figure.
Γραμμή 51:
*[http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/d111fff4b9c85b0f41256585003caec3?OpenDocument Full English text at ICRC website] ([[International Committee of the Red Cross]])
 
[[Category: Treaties]]
[[Category: Laws of war]]
[[Category: Human rights instruments]]
 
 
[[de:Ottawa-Konvention]]
Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Συνθήκη_της_Οττάβα"