Χρήστης:Johnny Gnecco/πρόχειρο: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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== Μουσικό βίντεο ==
 
=== Ιστορικό και ανάπτυξη ===
Όπως και το σινγκλ, το μουσικό βίντεο κυκλοφόρησε με σκοπό τη χριστουγεννιάτικη αγορά, με τιμή πώλησης 19,98 [[Δολάριο ΗΠΑ|δολάρια]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Manufacturers Urge Dealers To Move Strongly Into Sales|first=Nielsen Business Media|last=Inc|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|date=1984-11-24|edition=[[Billboard]]|page=27|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=6w4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20&hl=el#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Το μουσικό βίντεο, σκηνοθετημένο από την Mary Lambert, που είχε δουλέψει με την Μαντόνα και στο "[[Borderline]]" την ίδια χρονιά, γυρίστηκε στην [[Βενετία]] και στην [[Νέα Υόρκη]] τον Ιούλιο του 1984. Η Μαντόνα απεικονίζεται ως παρθένα γυναίκα από επιλογή, αλλά με μια πορνογραφική φαντασία, καθώς περπατά σε μαρμάρινα δωμάτια, φορώντας νυφικό. Εναλλάσσεται με σκηνές μιας προκλητικής Μαντόνα πάνω σε μια [[γόνδολα]].<ref>{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2002|p=765}}</ref> She commented, "[Lambert] wanted me to be the modern-day, worldly-wise girl that I am. But then we wanted to go back in time and use myself as an actual virgin."<ref name="mick">{{harvnb|Michael|2004|p=65}}</ref> The video starts with Madonna boarding on a boat from the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] and travels to Venice. As she steps down into the city, she moves like a stripper and undulated sinuously. She wears a black dress and blue pants with a number of crucifixes around her neck.<ref name="plant">{{harvnb|Plant|2002|p=415}}</ref> She sings the song at full volume as she watches a lion walking between the columns of the [[Punta della Dogana]] of Venice.<ref name="plant" />
 
A number of game-playing involving carnival masks, men and lions are portrayed with allusions to eighteenth-century practices and Saint Mark.<ref>{{harvnb|Guilbert|2002|p=78}}</ref> Sheila Whiteley, author of ''Women and popular music: sexuality, identity, and subjectivity'', felt that Madonna's image signified a denial of sexual knowledge, but also portrayed her in simulated writhing on a gondola, thus underpinning the simulation of deceit. The intrusion of a male lion, confirmed the underlying [[Zoophilia|bestial]] discourse of both mythological fairy tale and pornographic sex. Whiteley observed that in the video, Madonna's lover wears the lion's mask and while cavorting with him, Madonna sheds the veneer of innocence and shows her propensity for wild animal passions. Having instilled desire, metaphorically she turns her lover into a Beast.<ref>{{harvnb|Whiteley|2000|p=136}}</ref> Madonna commented about shooting with the lion:<blockquote>"The lion didn't do anything he was supposed to do, and I ended up leaning against this pillar with his head in my crotch... I thought he was going to take a bite out of me so I lifted the veil I was wearing and had a stare-down with him and he opened his mouth and let out this huge roar. I got so frightened my heart fell in my shoe. When he finally walked away, the director yelled 'Cut' and I had to take a long breather. But I could really relate to the lion. I feel like in a past life I was a lion or a cat or something."<ref name="mick" /></blockquote>
 
=== Ανάλυση και υποδοχή ===
{{Quote box
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| quote = "For 'Like a Virgin' I said 'Lets do it in Venice!' The idea of Madonna singing in a gondola was the most outrageous thing I could think of. And Madonna dug it, because she has the whole thing with the Catholic Church and her Italian heritage. It turned into a huge party."
| source = —Director Mary Lambert on the filming of the video.<ref>{{harvnb|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|p=15}}</ref>
}}With the video, scholars noted the expression of Venetian vitality in it. Author Margaret Plant (2002) commented: "With the lion of Saint Mark and the virginal city to the forefront, old sacrosanct Venice was propelled into a pop world of high-energy gyration, and endless circulation."<ref>{{harvnb|Plant|2002|p=413}}</ref> She also noted that Saint Mark was a symbol of a time when sexual crime was punished severely in Venice and acts of rape, homosexuality and fornication incurred the loss of a nose, a hand or sometimes life itself. Madonna appeared to challenge such brutality and stretch the boundaries of tolerance in the video. As the lion-man carried Madonna to the Venetian palace, it symbolized an instance of the Saint taking the simulated Virgin, where Madonna became a symbol for [[Republic of Venice|La Serenissima]], the Republic itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Plant|2002|p=419}}</ref>
 
Plant also noted that Madonna, in the video, restored the energy and eroticism of Venice, which had its name taken from Venus in familiar elision. As she exchanged her blue top for a black one during the video, Madonna demonstrated her mastery and bravery of the city, which had a reputation of turning out its visitors as victims.<ref name="plant" /> Carol Clerk (2002) commented that with the video, "Madonna's days as a cheap and cheerful video star were over. She was moving into serious spectacle."<ref name="clerk">{{harvnb|Clerk|2002|p=41}}</ref>
 
In 1985, a live music video of "Like a Virgin" from [[The Virgin Tour]] filmed in Detroit, was used to promote ''[[Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour]]'' video release. This version was nominated for [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] at the [[1986 MTV Video Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1986/|title=MTV Video Music Awards&nbsp;– 1986|publisher=MTV. [[MTV Networks]]|access-date=January 12, 2010}}</ref> The live performance of "Like a Virgin" from the [[Blond Ambition World Tour]] in Paris, France was released as a music video on May 9, 1991 to promote the documentary film ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare|Truth or Dare]]''. This version was nominated for two awards at the [[1991 MTV Video Music Awards]] in the categories of [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video|Best Female Video]] and Best Choreography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1991/|title=MTV Video Music Awards&nbsp;– 1991|publisher=MTV. MTV Networks|access-date=January 12, 2010}}</ref> This video was ranked at position sixty-one on VH1's 100 Greatest Videos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2001/vh1videos.htm|title=VH1: 100 Greatest Videos|date=February 2, 2001|publisher=[[VH1]]. MTV Networks|access-date=January 12, 2010}}</ref>