Μιτοχονδριακό DNA: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

Η αρσενική κληρονομικότητα μιτοχονδριακού DNA έχει ανακαλυφθεί στα κοτόπουλα Plymouth Rock.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alexander M, Ho SY, Molak M, Barnett R, Carlborg Ö, Dorshorst B, Honaker C, Besnier F, Wahlberg P, Dobney K, Siegel P, Andersson L, Larson G | title = Mitogenomic analysis of a 50-generation chicken pedigree reveals a rapid rate of mitochondrial evolution and evidence for paternal mtDNA inheritance | journal = Biology Letters | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = 20150561 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26510672 | pmc = 4650172 | doi = 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0561 }}</ref> Τα στοιχεία υποστηρίζουν σπάνιες περιπτώσεις αρσενικής μιτοχονδριακής κληρονομικότητας σε ορισμένα θηλαστικά επίσης. Συγκεκριμένα, υπάρχουν τεκμηριωμένα περιστατικά για ποντίκια,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gyllensten U, Wharton D, Josefsson A, Wilson AC | title = Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in mice | journal = Nature | volume = 352 | issue = 6332 | pages = 255–7 | date = July 1991 | pmid = 1857422 | doi = 10.1038/352255a0 | bibcode = 1991Natur.352..255G | s2cid = 4278149 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shitara H, Hayashi JI, Takahama S, Kaneda H, Yonekawa H | title = Maternal inheritance of mouse mtDNA in interspecific hybrids: segregation of the leaked paternal mtDNA followed by the prevention of subsequent paternal leakage | journal = Genetics | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 851–7 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9504930 | pmc = 1459812 | url = http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9504930 }}</ref> όπου τα αρσενικά κληρονομικά μιτοχόνδρια απορρίφθηκαν στη συνέχεια. Έχει επίσης βρεθεί σε πρόβατα,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao X, Li N, Guo W, Hu X, Liu Z, Gong G, Wang A, Feng J, Wu C | title = Further evidence for paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in the sheep (Ovis aries) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_heredity_2004-10_93_4/page/n82 | journal = Heredity | volume = 93 | issue = 4 | pages = 399–403 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15266295 | doi = 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800516 | doi-access = free }}</ref> και σε κλωνοποιημένα βοοειδή.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steinborn R, Zakhartchenko V, Jelyazkov J, Klein D, Wolf E, Müller M, Brem G | title = Composition of parental mitochondrial DNA in cloned bovine embryos | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 426 | issue = 3 | pages = 352–6 | date = April 1998 | pmid = 9600265 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00350-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Σπάνιες περιπτώσεις ανδρικής μιτοχονδριακής κληρονομικότητας έχουν καταγραφεί σε ανθρώπους.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh AN | title = A105 Family Decoded: Discovery of Genome-Wide Fingerprints for Personalized Genomic Medicine | journal = ScienceMED | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 115–126 | date = April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh AN | title = Customized Biomedical Informatics | journal = BMC Big Data Analytics | volume = 3 | date = May 2018 | doi = 10.1186/s41044-018-0030-3 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwartz M, Vissing J | title = Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 347 | issue = 8 | pages = 576–80 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12192017 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa020350 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo S, Valencia CA, Zhang J, Lee NC, Slone J, Gui B, Wang X, Li Z, Dell S, Brown J, Chen SM, Chien YH, Hwu WL, Fan PC, Wong LJ, Atwal PS, Huang T | title = Biparental Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 13039–13044 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30478036 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1810946115 | pmc=6304937}}</ref> Αν και πολλές από αυτές τις περιπτώσεις αφορούν κλωνοποιημένα έμβρυα ή επακόλουθη απόρριψη των πατρικών μιτοχονδρίων, άλλες τεκμηριώνουν την κληρονομικότητα και την επιμονή υπό εργαστηριακές συνθήκες.

<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kondo R, Matsuura ET, Chigusa SI | title = Further observation of paternal transmission of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA by PCR selective amplification method | journal = Genetical Research | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | pages = 81–4 | date = April 1992 | pmid = 1628820 | doi = 10.1017/S0016672300030287 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wolff JN, Nafisinia M, Sutovsky P, Ballard JW | title = Paternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA as an integral part of mitochondrial inheritance in metapopulations of Drosophila simulans | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_heredity_2013-01_110_1/page/57 | journal = Heredity | volume = 110 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–62 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23010820 | pmc = 3522233 | doi = 10.1038/hdy.2012.60 }}</ref> οι [[μέλισσα|μέλισσες]] <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meusel MS, Moritz RF | title = Transfer of paternal mitochondrial DNA during fertilization of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) eggs | journal = Current Genetics | volume = 24 | issue = 6 | pages = 539–43 | date = December 1993 | pmid = 8299176 | doi = 10.1007/BF00351719 | s2cid = 15621371 }}</ref> και περιοδικά τζιτζίκια.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fontaine KM, Cooley JR, Simon C | title = Evidence for paternal leakage in hybrid periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Magicicada spp.) | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = e892 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17849021 | pmc = 1963320 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000892 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..892F }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nass MM, Nass S | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–611 | date = December 1963 | pmid = 14086138 | pmc = 2106331 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.19.3.593 | title = INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL FIBERS WITH DNA CHARACTERISTICS: I. Fixation and Electron Staining Reactions | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-cell-biology_1963-12_19_3/page/593 }}</ref> και από τους Ellen Haslbrunner, Hans Tuppy και Gottfried Schatz με βιοχημικές δοκιμασίες σε εξαιρετικά καθαρισμένα μιτοχονδριακά κλάσματα.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schatz G, Haslbrunner E, Tuppy H | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 127–32 | date = March 1964 | pmid = 26410904 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(64)90311-0 | title = Deoxyribonucleic acid associated with yeast mitochondria }}</ref>