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Η '''Οπς''' ''([[Λατινική γλώσσα|Λατινικά]] :Ops)'' ήταν θεά της γονιμότητας της [[Ρωμαϊκή μυθολογία|ρωμαϊκής μυθολογίας]].
{{otheruses3|OPS}}
{{Ρωμαϊκή μυθολογία}}
{{Roman myth (rustic)}}
'''Ops''', more properly '''''Opis''''', ([[Latin]]: "Plenty") was a fertility deity and earth-goddess in [[Roman mythology]] of [[Sabine]] origin.
Ήταν σύζυγος του [[Σατούρνους]] όπου στην [[Ελληνική μυθολογία]] ταυτίζεται με την [[Ρέα]] και θεωρούνταν η μητέρα των θεών. Σε νομίσματα απεικονίζεται να κρατά σκήπτρο ή καλαμπόκι. Στα λατινικά η λέξη '''Ops''' σημαίνει ""τα πλούτη, τα εμπορεύματα, την αφθονία, δώρα, αφθονία". Η λέξη σχετίζεται επίσης με την εργασία, ιδιαίτερα με την έννοια της εργασίας από την γη, όργωμα, σπορά".
==Life==
Her husband was [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]], the bountiful monarch of the [[golden age|Golden Age]]. Just as Saturn was identified with the Greek deity [[Cronus]], Ops was identified with [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], Cronus' wife. In her statues and coins, Ops is figured sitting down, as [[chthonic|Chthonian]] deities normally are, and generally holds a [[scepter]] or a [[wheat|corn]] spike as her main attributes. The Chthonian deities are the manifestations of the [[Great Goddess]], such as [[Gaia]] or [[Gaia (mythology)|Ge]].
Η λατρεία της Οπς καθιερώθηκε από τον Ρωμαίο βασιλιά [[Τίτος Τάτιος|Τίτο Τάτιο]] αφού μέχρι τότε λατρευόταν από τους [[Σαβίνοι|Σαβίνους]], κάθε χρόνο στις 10 Αυγούστου γινόταν γιορτή προς τιμήν της.
In Latin writings of the time, the singular [[nominative case|nominative]] (''Ops'') is not used; only the form '''Opis''' is attested by classical authors. According to [[Festus (historian)|Festus]] (203:19), "Ops is said to be the wife of Saturn. By her they designated the [[Earth|earth]], because the earth distributes all goods to the human genus" (''Opis dicta est coniux Saturni per quam uolerunt terram significare, quia omnes opes humano generi terra tribuit''). The Latin word ''ops'' means "riches, goods, abundance, gifts, munificence, plenty". The word is also related to '''''opus''''', which means "work", particularly in the sense of "working the earth, ploughing, sowing". This activity was deemed sacred, and was often attended by religious rituals intended to obtain the good will of [[chthonic]] deities such as Ops and [[Consus]]. ''Ops'' is also related to the [[Sanskrit]] word ''ápnas'' ("goods, property").
Παιδιά της Οπς ήταν ο [[Πλούτωνας]] , ο [[Γιούπιτερ]] και ο [[Ποσειδώνας]].
The cult of Ops was (mythically) instituted by King [[Titus Tatius]], the Sabine monarch. Ops soon became the patroness of riches, abundance, and prosperity, both on a personal and national level. Ops had a famous temple in the [[Capitoline Triad|Capitolium]]. Originally, a festival took place in Ops' honor on [[August 10]]. Additionally, on [[December 19]] (some say December 9), the [[Opalia]] was celebrated. On [[August 25]], the [[Opiconsivia]] was held. Opiconsivia was another name used for Opis, indicating when the earth was sown. These festivals also included activities that were called [[Consualia]], in honor of [[Consus]], her [[king consort|consort]].
== Αναφορές ==
Opis not only being the wife of [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]], she was his sister and the daughter of [[Caelus]]. Her children were [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]], [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], and [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]]. Opis also acquired queenly status and was reputed to be an eminent goddess and the Mother of the Gods. By public decree temples, priests, and sacrifices were accorded her. There was even an oddly shaped stone that was procured from [[Pessinus]] that represented Opis. It was put in the famous temple in Rome and worshiped by the Romans for a long time in numerous ceremonies.
== References ==
===Primary sources===
*Livy ''Ab urbe condita libri'' XXIX.10.4-11.8, 14.5-14
*Lactantius, ''Divinae institutions'' I.13.2-4, 14.2-5
===Secondary sources===
*{{1911}}
*Virginia Brown's translation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s ''Famous Women'', p. 12 - 13; Harvard University Press 2001; ISBN 0-674-01130-9
[[Κατηγορία:Θεοί της Ρωμαϊκής μυθολογίας]]
[[Category:Earth goddesses]]
[[Category:Fertility goddesses]]
[[Category:Roman goddesses]]
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