Τζάκσονβιλ (Φλόριντα): Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 47:
[[Image:Jacksonville in 1909.PNG|thumb|right|225px|Όψη της Τζάκσονβιλ το 1909]]
Την δεκαετία του 1910, οι παραγωγοί ταινιών από την Νέα Υόρκη έλκονταν από το θερμό κλίμα, τις εξωτικές τοποθεσίες, την άριστη σιδηροδρομική πρόσβαση και την φθηνή εργασία της Τζάκσονβιλ. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 [[silent film]] [[Movie studio|studios]] were established, earning Jacksonville the title of "Winter Film Capital of the World". However, the city's conservative political climate and the emergence of [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood]] as a major film production center ended the city's film industry. One converted movie studio site, [[Norman Studios]], remains in [[Arlington, Jacksonville, Florida|Arlington]]; It has been converted to the Jacksonville Silent Film Museum at Norman Studios.<ref name="normanstudios">{{cite web|url=http://www.normanstudios.org/ |title=The Jacksonville Silent Film Museum at Norman Studios |accessdate=2007-07-19 |work= }}</ref>
[[Image:GaumontStudios.jpg|thumb|left|225px|Motion picture scene at [[Gaumont Film Company|Gaumont Studios]], 1910]]
During this time, Jacksonville also became a banking and insurance center, with companies such as [[Barnett Bank]], [[Atlantic National Bank]], [[Florida National Bank]], [[Prudential Financial|Prudential]], Gulf Life, Afro-American Insurance, [[Independent Life]] and American Heritage Life thriving in the business district. The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] also became a major employer and economic force during the 1940s, with the construction of three naval bases in the city.
Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid [[urban sprawl]] after [[World War II]]. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After [[World War II]], the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Mayor [[W. Haydon Burns]]' ''Jacksonville Story'' resulted in the construction of a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civic pride. However, the development of [[suburb]]s and a subsequent wave of middle class "[[white flight]]" left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before. The city's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1235000.html |title=Jacksonville (city), Florida |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> declined from 75.8% in 1970 to 55.1% by 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html}}</ref>
Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and building code enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended that the city of Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965.
In the mid 1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional [[good ol' boy network]]. After a [[grand jury]] was convened to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Consolidation, led by [[J. J. Daniel]] and [[Claude Yates]], began to win more support during this period, from both inner city blacks, who wanted more involvement in government, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. In 1964 all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation. This added momentum to proposals for government reform. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration by a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government.
[[Image:Jax Consolidation Headline 1967.jpg|thumb|right|225px|News of Jacksonville's consolidation from [[The Florida Times-Union]].]]
{{Details|Jacksonville Consolidation}}
When a [[Consolidated city-county|consolidation]] referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan. On October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville. Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development were all combined under the new government. In honor of the occasion, then-Mayor Hans Tanzler posed with actress [[Lee Meredith]] behind a sign marking the new border of the "Bold New City of the [[American South|South]]" at Florida 13 and Julington Creek.<ref>{{cite web|title=Consolidation's Most Famous Photo|url=http://www.jaxhistory.com/journal11.html|work=Jax History Journal|publisher=Jacksonville Historical Society|accessdate=28 March 2012}}</ref>
The [[Better Jacksonville Plan]], promoted as a ''blueprint for Jacksonville's future'' and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000, authorized a half-penny sales tax. This would generate most of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion package of major projects that included road & infrastructure improvements, environmental preservation, targeted economic development and new or improved public facilities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Will Vasana |url=http://www.bringyouhome.com/betterjacksonville.html |title=Jacksonville Real Estate website: Better Jacksonville Plan |publisher=Bringyouhome.com |date=2000-09-05 |accessdate=2010-07-01}}</ref>
==Γεωγραφία==
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