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[[Αρχείο:Methadon.png|200px|right|thumb|Μεθαδόνη]]
[[Αρχείο:Methadone 27feb.gif|240px|rihgt|thumb|Μεθαδόνη]]
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 420419989
| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one
| image = Methadone.svg
| width = 200px
| image2 = Levomethadone-xtal-1974-ball-and-stick.png
| width2 = 250px
| alt2 = The more active R enantiomer of methadone (levomethadone)
| chirality = [[Racemic mixture]]
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Dolophine, Methadose, others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|methadone-hydrochloride}}
| MedlinePlus = a682134
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = Schedule 8
| legal_CA = Schedule I
| legal_DE = Anlage III
| legal_US = Schedule II
| legal_UK = Class A
| dependency_liability = <!--need a reliable [[WP:MEDRS]]-compliant source to include this information-->
| routes_of_administration = By mouth, intravenous, insufflation, sublingual, rectal
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 41–99% (by mouth)<ref name = acta08>{{cite journal|last=Fredheim|first=OM|author2=Moksnes, K |author3=Borchgrevink, PC |author4=Kaasa, S |author5= Dale, O |title=Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain.|journal=Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica|date=August 2008|volume=52|issue=7|pages=879–89|doi=10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x|pmid=18331375}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 85–90%<ref name = acta08/>
| metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[CYP3A4]], [[CYP2B6]] and [[CYP2D6]]-mediated)<ref name = acta08/><ref name=PMJ04>{{cite journal|last=Brown|first=R|author2=Kraus, C|author3=Fleming, M|author4=Reddy, S|title=Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain.|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=November 2004|volume=80|issue=949|pages=654–9|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2004.022988|pmid=15537850|url=http://pmj.bmj.com/content/80/949/654.full.pdf|format=PDF|pmc=1743125|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502005223/http://pmj.bmj.com/content/80/949/654.full.pdf|archivedate=2014-05-02|df=}}</ref>
| elimination_half-life = 15 to 55 hours<ref name = PMJ04/>
| excretion = Urine, faeces<ref name = PMJ04/>
| onset = Rapid<ref name=AHFS2015/>
| duration_of_action = Single dose: 4–8 h<br>Prolonged use:<br/> • Withdrawal prevention: 1–2 days<ref name=AHFS2015/><br/> • Pain relief: 8–12 hours<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name="DurPain">{{cite journal|last1=Toombs|first1=JD|last2=Kral|first2=LA|title=Methadone treatment for pain states.|journal=American Family Physician|date=1 April 2005|volume=71|issue=7|pages=1353–8|pmid=15832538|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0401/p1353.html|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905230511/http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0401/p1353.html|archivedate=5 September 2017|df=}}</ref>
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 76-99-3
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = AC52
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N07|BC02}} {{ATCvet|N02|AC90}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 6807
| PubChem = 4095
| IUPHAR_ligand = 5458
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00333
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 3953
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = UC6VBE7V1Z
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D08195
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 651
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=21 | H=27 | N=1 | O=1
| molecular_weight = 309.445 g/mol
| smiles = CCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)CC(N(C)C)C)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C21H27NO/c1-5-20(23)21(16-17(2)22(3)4,18-12-8-6-9-13-18)19-14-10-7-11-15-19/h6-15,17H,5,16H2,1-4H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
Η '''μεθαδόνη''' ανήκει σε μια κατηγορία φαρμάκων τα οποία είναι γνωστά ως οπιοειδή. Τα φάρμακα αυτά χαρακτηρίζονται από παρόμοια χημική δομή και δράση με τη μορφίνη. Στα οπιοειδή επίσης ανήκουν φυσικά και ημισυνθετικά παράγωγα, όπως η [[κωδεΐνη]], η [[μορφίνη]] και η [[ηρωίνη]]. Τα οπιοειδή χαρακτηρίζονται ως κατασταλτικά φάρμακα, καθώς επιβραδύνουν τις λειτουργίες του νευρικού συστήματος. Η μεθαδόνη είναι ένα συνθετικό ναρκωτικό [[αναλγητικό]] που αναπτύχθηκε στη Γερμανία στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1930.
==Παραπομπές==
<references />
{{Παραπομπές}}
{{authority control}}
{{χημεία-επέκταση}}
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