Συζήτηση:Μακεδονία (αρχαίο βασίλειο): Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 18:
Ο Αντίπατρος δεν αναφέρεται στο λήμμα, αλλαγή αναφοράς σε "έγινε". [[Χρήστης:Wolfymoza|Wolfymoza]] ([[Συζήτηση χρήστη:Wolfymoza|συζήτηση]]) 10:31, 23 Ιουνίου 2017 (UTC)
== Προσφερόμενες πηγές που σχετίζονται με την ελληνικότητα της Μακεδονίας ==
''BEFORE [[Philip II of Macedon|PHILIP II]] & [[Alexander the Great|ALEXANDER THE GREAT]]''
'''[[Homer]]''' (Between 800 BC and 700 BC)
1. [[Odyssey]], Book 7. Line 106: "ἥμεναι, οἷά τε φύλλα '''μακεδνῆς''' αἰγείροιο"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135%3Abook%3D7%3Acard%3D77]
'''[[Hesiod]]''' (Between 750 BC and 650 BC)
2. [[Catalogue of Women|Catalogue of Women - Ehoiai]], Fragment 3, "MAGNES AND MACEDON": "And she [[Thyia|(Thyia)]] conceived and bare to [[Zeus]] who delights in the thunderbolt two sons, Magnes and [[Makedon (mythology)|Macedon]], rejoicing in horses, who dwell round about Pieria and [[Mount Olympus|Olympus]]..."[http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html]
'''[[Thucydides]]''' (c. 460 BC – c. 400 BC)
3. [[History of the Peloponnesian War]], Book 2, Chapter 99: "The country on the sea coast, now called '''Macedonia''', was first acquired by '''Alexander, the father of Perdiccas''', and his ancestors, '''originally Temenids from Argos'''. This was effected by the expulsion '''from Pieria''' of the Pierians, who afterwards inhabited Phagres and other places '''under Mount Pangaeus, beyond the Strymon'''; of the Bottiaeans, at present neighbours of the Chalcidians, from Bottia, and by the acquisition in Paeonia of a narrow strip along the river Axius extending '''to Pella''' and the sea"[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War/Book_2][http://www.greek-language.gr/digitalResources/ancient_greek/library/browse.html?text_id=73&page=81][[User:Dragao2004|Dragao2004]] ([[User talk:Dragao2004|talk]]) 22:50, 17 October 2018 (UTC)
'''[[Herodotus]]''' (c. 484 BC – c. 425 BC)
4. [[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]], Book 1, Chapter 56, Lines 7 - 15: "These races, '''[[Ionians|Ionian]]''' and '''[[Dorians|Dorian]]''', were the foremost in ancient time, ''the first (Ionians) a Pelasgian'' and ''the second (Dorians) a '''Hellenic''' people''. The Pelasgian race has never yet left its home; the '''Hellenic (Dorians) has wandered''' often and far. For '''in the days of king Deucalion it inhabited the land of Phthia''', then the country called Histiaean, under Ossa and Olympus, '''in the time of [[Dorus]] son of Hellen'''; driven from this Histiaean country by the Cadmeans, '''it (the Hellenic people) settled about Pindus in the territory called Macedonian'''; from there again it migrated to Dryopia, and at last came from Dryopia into the Peloponnese, where it (Hellenic people) took the name of '''Dorian'''"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+1.56.&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126]
5. [[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]], Book 8, Chapter 43, Lines 3 - 6: "...the Sicyonians furnished fifteen ships, the Epidaurians ten, the Troezenians five, the Hermioneans three. All of these except the Hermioneans '''are Dorian and Macedonian''' and had last come from Erineus and Pindus and the Dryopian region..."[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+8.43&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126]
6. [[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]], Speech of [[Alexander I of Macedon|Alexander I]], Book 9, Chapter 45, Section 2, Lines 1 - 2: "I myself am by ancient descent a '''Greek''', and I would not willingly see '''Hellas''' change her freedom for slavery" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D45%3Asection%3D2]
7. [[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]], Book 5, Chapter 22, Section 1: "Now that these descendants of [[Perdiccas I of Macedon|Perdiccas]] are '''Greeks''', as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history. Furthermore, the [[Hellanodikai|Hellenodicae]] who manage the contest at [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympia]] determined that it is so"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D22%3Asection%3D1]
''GEOGRAPHERS'':
8. "...secondly, Greece; and thirdly, the Islands that are close by. '''Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece'''..."
* '' [[w:Strabo|Strabo]], "Geography", VII, Frg. 9, Loeb''.
9. " The [[w:Aegean sea|Aegean sea]] washes '''Greece''' on two sides: first, the side that faces towards the east and stretches from [[w:Sunium|Sunium]], '''towards the north as far as the [[w:Thermaean Gulf|Thermaean Gulf]] and [[Thessaloniki|Thessaloniceia]]...'''"
* '' [[w:Strabo|Strabo]], "Geography", 7.7.4-5''.[[User:Dragao2004|Dragao2004]] ([[User talk:Dragao2004|talk]]) 16:14, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
''HISTORIANS'':
10. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 1, Chapter 18, Section 6: "[[Parmenion]] advised '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]''' to make a naval battle with the Persians immediately. He hoped the '''Greeks''' would defeat the Persian fleet because he was persuaded by something divine he saw. An eagle sitting on the beach to the sterns of '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]]''' ships"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Arr.+An.+1.18.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530]
11. [[Plutarch]], [[Moralia]], Chapter 1, Section 10: "...the blessings of '''Greek justice and peace over every nation''', I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me, Diogenes, that I imitate Heracles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysus,8the divine author and progenitor of my family and desire that '''victorious Greeks should dance again in India''' and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Caucasus. Even there it is said that there are certain holy men, a law unto themselves, who follow a rigid gymnosophy10 and give all their time to God"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0231%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D10][[User:Dragao2004|Dragao2004]] ([[User talk:Dragao2004|talk]]) 22:50, 17 October 2018 (UTC)
12. [[Plutarch]], [[Parallel Lives|Parallel Lives, Alexander]], Chapter 37, Section 4: "And it is said that when he took his seat for the first time under the golden canopy on the royal throne, [[Demaratus (hetairos)|Demaratus the Corinthian]], a well-meaning man and a friend of '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]]''', as he had been of '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]]''' father, burst into tears, as old men will, and declared that those '''[[Ancient Greece|Hellenes]]''' were deprived of great pleasure who had died before seeing '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] seated on the throne of [[Darius III|Dareius]]'''"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243%3Achapter%3D37%3Asection%3D4]
13. [[Plutarch]], [[Parallel Lives|Parallel Lives, Alexander]], Chapter 17, Section 2: "Now, there is in Lycia, near the city of Xanthus, a spring, which at this time, as we are told, was of its own motion upheaved from its depths, and overflowed, and cast forth a bronze tablet bearing the prints of ancient letters, in which it was made known that the empire of the Persians would one day be destroyed by the '''Greeks''' and come to an end"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243%3Achapter%3D17%3Asection%3D2]
14. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 1, Chapter 12, Section 4, Line 3: "There is no other man amongst the '''Greeks''' or the barbarians who has shown so many or so great achievements than '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]'''"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D12%3Asection%3D4]
15. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 1, Chapter 16, Section 7: "'''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]''', the son of '''[[Philip II of Macedon|Philip]]''', and the '''Hellenes''', except the [[Laconia|Lacedaemonians]], devote these [[Panoply|panopies]], from the spoils of the barbarians inhabiting Asia"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Arr.+An.+1.16.7&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530]
16. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 7, Chapter 16, Section 1: "After that, '''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]''' sent Heraclides the son of Argaeus to [[Hyrcania]] and ordered him to cut woods from the mountains and built warships according to the '''Greek''' shipbuilding"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D16%3Asection%3D1]
17. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 2, Chapter 14, Section 4, Lines 3 - 4, ''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]] Letter to [[Darius III]]'': "Your ancestors invaded '''Macedonia and the rest of Greece'''..."[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D14%3Asection%3D4], [http://www.livius.org/sources/content/arrian/anabasis/alexanders-letter-to-darius-iii/]
18. [[Polybius]], [[The Histories (Polybius)|Histories]], Book 7, Chapter 9, Section 3: "in the presence of all Gods who possess '''Macedonia and the rest of Greece''' in the presence of all the gods of the army who preside over this oath"[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/7*.html]
19. [[Arrian]], [[The Anabasis of Alexander]], Book 4, Chapter 11, Section 7: "οὔκουν οὐδὲ αὐτῷ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ ζῶντι ἔτι θεῖαι τιμαὶ παρ᾽ '''Ἑλλήνων''' ἐγένοντο, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ τελευτήσαντι πρόσθεν ἤ πρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς ἐπιθεσπισθῆναι ὡς θεὸν τιμᾶν Ἡρακλέα. εἰ δέ, ὅτι ἐν τῇ βαρβάρῳ γῇ οἱ λόγοι γίγνονται, βαρβαρικὰ χρὴ ἔχειν τὰ φρονήματα, καὶ '''ἐγὼ τῆς Ἑλλάδος μεμνῆσθαί σε ἀξιῶ, ὦ Αλέξανδρε''', ἧς ἕνεκα ὁ πᾶς στόλος σοι ἐγένετο, '''προσθεῖναι τὴν Ἀσίαν τῇ Ἑλλάδι'''[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0530%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D11%3Asection%3D7][[User:Dragao2004|Dragao2004]] ([[User talk:Dragao2004|talk]]) 15:43, 19 October 2018 (UTC)
''THE HOLY BIBLE'':
20. "Now Alexander [the Great], when he had taken Gaza, made haste to go up to Jerusalem [...] And when the Book of Daniel was showed him wherein Daniel declared that '''one of the Greeks''' should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended." ''[The Bible verses showed Alexander might be Daniel 7:6; 8:3-8, 20-22; 11:3. Some or all of them are plain predictions of his conquests and successors.]''.
* ''[[w:Josephus|Flavius Josephus]], "Antiquities of the Jews" (Book 11, Chapter 8, Paragraphs 4&5)''.
''THE NEW TESTAMENT'':
21. Chapter (16:9) "And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into '''Macedonia''', and help us. [...] (17:1) Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to '''Thessalonica''', where was a synagogue of the Jews: (17:2) And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures, [...] (17:4) And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas; and of the devout '''Greeks''' a great multitude, and of the chief women not a few. [...] (17:10) And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto '''Berea''': who coming thither went into the synagogue of the Jews. (17:11) These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. (17:12) Therefore many of them believed; also of honourable women which were '''Greeks''', and of men, not a few"
* ''New Testament (Holy Bible KJV), Acts of the Apostles 16:9; 17:1-2, 4, 10-12''.
''THE VATICAN'':
22. [[Pope John Paul II]] of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] in an interview he gave on the 21st June 1992 to the journalist Mrs Pinni for the Greek [[Centre-left politics]] newspaper KYRIAKATIKI ELEFTHEROTYPIA: «Macedonia is the country of [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip]], of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]], of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Methodius and Cyril]] and '''Macedonia is Greek'''»
''MODERN SOURCES'':
23. "...for the first time he (Phillip) started to understand how Macedonia's outdated institutions of feudalism an aristocratic monarchy so despised by the rest of Greece"
* '' [[w:Peter Green (historian)|Peter Green]], "Alexander the Great", page 24''.
24. "...King Philip of '''the northern Greek kingdom of Macedon''' perfected this system, and his son, Alexander the Great...
* ''Archer Jones, American historian, "The Art of War in Western World" (University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 21''.
25. "The idea of the city-state was first challenged by the ideal of pan-Hellenic unity supported by some writers and orators, among which the Athenian Isocrates became a leading proponent with his Panegyrics of 380 suggesting a Greek holy war against Persia. However, '''only the rise of Macedonia made the realization of panHellenic unity possible'''..."
* ''Vilho Harle, Professor of International Relations at University of Lapland in Finland, "Ideas of Social Order in the Ancient World", p. 24''.
26. "The king [of macedon] was chief in the first instance of a race of plain-dwellers, '''who held themselves to be, like him, of Hellenic stock'''"
* ''[[w:David George Hogarth| David George Hogarth]], "Philip and Alexander of Macedon", p. 8''.
27. "Philip II, at least from the time of his victory over Phocis, Athens, and their allies in 346, prepared to proclaim himself the champion of '''a United Greece against the barbarians'''"
* ''[[w:Ernst Badian| Ernst Badian]], "Cambridge history of Iran", p. 421''.
28. "Macedonia (or Macedon) was an ancient, somewhat backward kingdom in northern Greece. Its emergence as a Hellenic (Greek) power was due to a resourceful king, Philip II (359-336), whose career has been unjustly overshadowed by the deeds of his son, Alexander the Great"
* ''Mortimer Chambers, Professor of History at the University of California at Los Angeles, "The Western Experience", p. 79, Mortimer Chambers et al, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2nd edition, 1997''. <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Dragao2004|Dragao2004]] ([[User talk:Dragao2004#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dragao2004|contribs]]) 14:48, 10 October 2018 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
29. "Soon after Athens had reached the height of its glory under Pericles in the Fifth Century, B. C., and had started on its decline, '''the rise of Macedon''' under Philip carried '''Greek''' influence into new regions. The glory of Athens had been based upon sea power, but the conquests of Macedon were the work of land armies— Philip invented the invincible phalanx. Upon Philip's death his son, Alexander the Great, set forth to conquer the whole of the then known world, and as that world in his day lay to the east, his marches were in that direction. In a few years he had overrun the fertile plains and opulent cities of Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Persia, and had carried his conquests to the gates of Delhi. In all the cities in the intervening countries he left large garrisons of '''Greek soldiers'''. In many of these countries he founded flourishing new cities. In every place his soldiers were followed by large colonies of Greek civilians. The result was that the whole of western Asia, and of what we call the Near East, including Asia Minor Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Persia, and northwestern India, was saturated with the '''Greek''' influence and with '''Greek''' colonies"
* ''[[w:Henry Morgenthau, Sr.|Henry Morgenthau]], "I was sent to Athens", Doubleday, Doran & Company, inc (1929)''.
''SLAVIC SOURCES'':
30. "'''We are [[Slavs]]''', we came to this area in the sixth century (AD), '''we have no connection with [[Alexander the Great]]'''"
[[Kiro Gligorov]], [[Tirana]], 03.06.1992.
31. "From a historical point of view the term Macedonia had no clear ethnic meaning (it is because of thousands of years of mixing of various tribes and peoples), although it is clear that '''in ancient times Macedonia was considered a Greek state and Macedonians [were] Greeks living in Macedonia...'''".
Slavenko Terzić, "Stara Srbija: Drama of a European Civilization", Moscow 2015, p. 38
32. "When Athens falls, when '''spreading of Greeks beyond the area of Greece starts''', as many know, after the conquests of Alexander of Macedonia, new '''Greek states''' are established and '''Egypt becomes the main centre of Greek civilization, with the centre in Alexandria. Greeks winning over Asia, that is the main idea of Alexander'''"
Nikolaj Pavlovič Grincer, professor at the Institute of Eastern Cultures and Antiquity (IVKA), Moscow, Lecture “Literature and politics in European antiquity", 2014
33. "...Certain proto-populations occupying distinct areas of the Balkans could be distinguished on the territories of the cultural groups: in western part of the Balkans the proto-Illyrians, in the east the proto Thracians, in the south the '''Hellenes''' (i.e: '''Greeks'''), in the northern part of the Balkans the proto Daco-Mysians and in the southwest of the Central Balkans the proto Bryges"
"Arheologija" magazine, No 1, Skopje 1995, "Bryges on the central Balkans in the 2nd and 1st millennium b.c." (summary).
34. "Paeonians, a people who during the first millennium BC inhabited the border area between the three great Paleobalkanic peoples - Illyrians, Thracians and '''Hellenes'''. (i.e:'''Greeks''')"
Fanica Veljanovska, FYROMian anthropologist, "An Attempt at Anthropological Definition of the Paeonians", Skopje, 1994.
35. "Philip V (220-178 BCE), carried a struggle against Romans trying to halt their penetration into Balkans, but he was defeated in the battle of Cynoscephalae, after which he was forced to renounce all '''Greek lands, with the exception of Macedonia...'''"
Enciklopedija Prosveta, "Filip V", Vol. 2, Beograd, 1968, p. 869
36. "'''Greek epigraphic monuments created before definitive Roman domination of our area''' are to be found in modest quantity"
* ''Vera Bitrakova Grozdanova, ethnic Macedonian archaeologist, "Hellenistic Monuments in S.R.Macedonia", Skopje, 1987, p. 130''.
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