Συζήτηση:Ελληνικό αλφάβητο: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Γραμμή 6:
Παρακαλω στη βιβλιογραφια να προσθεσετε το εγκυροτερο και οχι μονο στην Ελλαδα βιβλιο "Ιστορια της Ελληνικης Γλωσσας, εκδοση του Κεντρου Ελληνικης γλωσσας. Θεσσαλονικη 2001 Αναφορά: Αντωνιος Βασιλακης [[Ειδικό:Συνεισφορές/94.66.56.252|94.66.56.252]] 21:38, 21 Φεβρουαρίου 2017 (UTC)
:Στη βιβλιογραφία προστίθεται ό,τι έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για την σύνταξη του λήμματος. Μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε ωστόσο ενότητα <nowiki>==Περαιτέρω ανάγνωση==</nowiki> και να το προσθέσετε--[[Χρήστης:Kalogeropoulos|Kalogeropoulos]] ([[Συζήτηση χρήστη:Kalogeropoulos|συζήτηση]]) 23:27, 21 Φεβρουαρίου 2017 (UTC)
== Προσφερόμενες πηγές για το ελληνικό αλφάβητο ==
{{collapse top | <center> Προσφερόμενες πηγές για το ελληνικό αλφάβητο </center>}}
'''''[[w:Aeschylus|Aeschylus]]''''': (c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC)
1. [[w:Prometheus Bound|Prometheus Bound, Line 460]]: "Yes, and numbers, too, chiefest of sciences, I invented for them, and the combining of letters, creative mother of the Muses' arts, with which to hold all things in memory"
Anc. Greek: "καὶ μὴν ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων, ἐξηῦρον αὐτοῖς, '''γραμμάτων''' τε συνθέσεις, μνήμην ἁπάντων, μουσομήτορ᾽ ἐργάνην"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0010%3Acard%3D436]
'''''[[w:Euripides|Euripides]]''''': (c. 480 – c. 406 BC)
2. [[w:Palamedes (mythology)|Palamedes, Fragment 578, Line 3]]: "Palamedes invented the letters"
Anc. Greek: "ἐξηῦρον ἀνθρώποισι '''γράμματ᾿''' εἰδέναι"[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_(%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82)#fr_578-_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82,_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82]
'''''[[w:Herodotus|Herodotus]]''''': (c. 484 - c. 425 BC)
3. [[w:Histories (Herodotus)|Histories, Book 5, Chapter 58, Section 1]]: "These Phoenicians who came with Cadmus and of whom the Gephyraeans were a part brought with them to Hellas, among many other kinds of learning, the alphabet, which had been unknown before this, '''I think''', to the Greeks"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D58%3Asection%3D1]
'''''[[w:Diodorus Siculus|Diodorus Siculus]]''''': (fl. 1st century BC)
4. [[w:Bibliotheca historica|Bibliotheca historica, Book 5, Chapter 74, Section 1]]: "Musses was given the paternity of the discovery of letters and the composition of the epics, the so-called poetics. To these who attribute the invention of letters to the Syrians, from whom the Phoenicians learned them and communicated them to the Greeks when they came with Cadmus into Europe; hence the Greeks called them Phoenician letters, it is answered that the Phoenicians were not the first that found out letters, but only changed the form and shape of them into other characters, which many afterwards using the name of Phoenicians grew to be common"
Anc. Greek: "ταῖς δὲ Μούσαις δοθῆναι παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν τῶν γραμμάτων εὕρεσιν καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐπῶν σύνθεσιν τὴν προσαγορευομένην ποιητικήν. πρὸς δὲ τοὺς λέγοντας, ὅτι Σύροι μὲν εὑρεταὶ τῶν γραμμάτων εἰσί, παρὰ δὲ τούτων Φοίνικες μαθόντες τοῖς Ἕλλησι παραδεδώκασιν, οὗτοι δ᾽ εἰσὶν οἱ μετὰ Κάδμου πλεύσαντες εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὰ γράμματα Φοινίκεια προσαγορεύειν, φασὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας οὐκ ἐξ ἀρχῆς εὑρεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς τύπους τῶν γραμμάτων μεταθεῖναι μόνον, καὶ τῇ τε γραφῇ ταύτῃ τοὺς πλείστους τῶν ἀνθρώπων χρήσασθαι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τυχεῖν τῆς προειρημένης προσηγορίας"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D74%3Asection%3D1]
5. [[w:Bibliotheca historica|Bibliotheca historica, Book 3, Chapter 67, Sections 1, 4, 5]]: "Generally all the letters were named Phoenician because they were transferred to the Greeks by the Phoenicians, but especially because the Pelasgians first used the alleged characters to be called Pelasgians ... Linos, then, said that he wrote with Pelasgian letters a narrative with the acts of Dionysus and the others myths and left them in his memoirs. In the same way, Orpheus and Propanidis, the teacher of Homer and inspired songwriter, used the Pelasgian letters"
Anc. Greek: "φησὶ τοίνυν παρ᾽ Ἕλλησι πρῶτον εὑρετὴν γενέσθαι Λίνον ῥυθμῶν καὶ μέλους, ἔτι δὲ Κάδμου κομίσαντος ἐκ Φοινίκης τὰ καλούμενα γράμματα πρῶτον εἰς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν μεταθεῖναι διάλεκτον, καὶ τὰς προσηγορίας ἑκάστῳ τάξαι καὶ τοὺς χαρακτῆρας διατυπῶσαι. κοινῇ μὲν οὖν τὰ γράμματα Φοινίκεια κληθῆναι διὰ τὸ παρὰ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐκ Φοινίκων μετενεχθῆναι, ἰδίᾳ δὲ τῶν Πελασγῶν πρώτων χρησαμένων τοῖς μετατεθεῖσι χαρακτῆρσι Πελασγικὰ προσαγορευθῆναι"(1)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Diod.+3.67.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540]"περὶ δὲ Ὀρφέως τοῦ τρίτου μαθητοῦ τὰ κατὰ μέρος ἀναγράψομεν, ὅταν τὰς πράξεις αὐτοῦ διεξίωμεν. τὸν δ᾽ οὖν Λίνον φασὶ τοῖς Πελασγικοῖς γράμμασι συνταξάμενον τὰς τοῦ πρώτου Διονύσου πράξεις καὶ τὰς ἄλλας μυθολογίας ἀπολιπεῖν ἐν τοῖς ὑπομνήμασιν"(4)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Diod.+3.67.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540]"ὁμοίως δὲ τούτοις χρήσασθαι τοῖς Πελασγικοῖς γράμμασι τὸν Ὀρφέα καὶ Προναπίδην τὸν Ὁμήρου διδάσκαλον, εὐφυῆ γεγονότα μελοποιόν: πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Θυμοίτην τὸν Θυμοίτου τοῦ Λαομέδοντος, κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν γεγονότα τὴν Ὀρφέως, πλανηθῆναι κατὰ πολλοὺς τόπους τῆς οἰκουμένης, καὶ παραβαλεῖν τῆς Λιβύης εἰς τὴν πρὸς ἑσπέραν χώραν ἕως ὠκεανοῦ: θεάσασθαι δὲ καὶ τὴν Νῦσαν, ἐν ᾗ μυθολογοῦσιν οἱ ἐγχώριοι ἀρχαῖοι τραφῆναι τὸν Διόνυσον, καὶ τὰς κατὰ μέρος τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου πράξεις μαθόντα παρὰ τῶν Νυσαέων συντάξασθαι τὴν Φρυγίαν ὀνομαζομένην ποίησιν, ἀρχαϊκοῖς τῇ τε διαλέκτῳ καὶ τοῖς γράμμασι χρησάμενον"(5)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Diod.+3.67.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540]
6. [[w:Bibliotheca historica|Bibliotheca historica, Book 5, Chapter 57, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5]]: "Rhodian Aktis, setting up a bow for Egypt, founded the so-called Heliopolis, giving the city the name of his father (Sun). From him the Egyptians later learned the theories of astronomy. But when the cataclysm took place in Greece, most of the people were lost. In addition, all the written monuments were destroyed, and for this reason, the Egyptians, taking the opportunity, appropriated all the astronomy. Because of their ignorance, the Greeks could no longer rely on written testimonies. Thus, the view was made that the Egyptians first discovered all about the stars. For the same reason, although the Athenians founded a city in Egypt called Saint, the fact was forgotten because of the cataclysm. For all of these reasons, Kadmos of Agenor, for many generations later was considered to have been the first to bring the letters from Phoenicia to Greece and from the time of Kadmos, and then it is believed the Greeks have always made additional discoveries in the science of letters, since a sort of total ignorance possessed the Greeks"
Anc. Greek: "ἀκτὶς δ᾽ εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἀπάρας ἔκτισε τὴν Ἡλιούπολιν ὀνομαζομένην, ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς θέμενος τὴν προσηγορίαν: οἱ δ᾽ Αἰγύπτιοι ἔμαθον παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἀστρολογίαν θεωρήματα"(2)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D57%3Asection%3D2]ὕστερον δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι γενομένου κατακλυσμοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐπομβρίαν τῶν πλείστων ἀνθρώπων ἀπολομένων, ὁμοίως τούτοις καὶ τὰ διὰ τῶν '''γραμμάτων''' ὑπομνήματα συνέβη φθαρῆναι(3)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D57%3Asection%3D3]"δἰ ἣν αἰτίαν οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι καιρὸν εὔθετον λαβόντες ἐξιδιοποιήσαντο τὰ περὶ τῆς ἀστρολογίας, καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν μηκέτι τῶν '''γραμμάτων''' ἀντιποιουμένων ἐνίσχυσεν, ὡς αὐτοὶ πρῶτοι τὴν τῶν ἄστρων εὕρεσιν ἐποιήσαντο"(4)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D57%3Asection%3D4]"ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι κτίσαντες ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πόλιν τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Σάιν, τῆς ὁμοίας ἔτυχον ἀγνοίας διὰ τὸν κατακλυσμόν. δι᾽ ἃς αἰτίας πολλαῖς ὕστερον γενεαῖς Κάδμος ὁ Ἀγήνορος ἐκ τῆς Φοινίκης πρῶτος ὑπελήφθη κομίσαι '''γράμματα''' εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα: καὶ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου τὸ λοιπὸν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἔδοξαν ἀεί τι προσευρίσκειν περὶ τῶν '''γραμμάτων''', κοινῆς τινος ἀγνοίας κατεχούσης τοὺς Ἕλληνας(5)[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0540%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D57%3Asection%3D5]
'''''[[w:Gaius Julius Hyginus|Gaius Julius Hyginus]]''''': (c. 64 BC – 17 AD)
7. [[w:Gaius Julius Hyginus|Fabulae]]: "The three [[w:Moirai|Fates]] created the first five vowels of the alphabet and the letters B and T. It is said that [[w:Palamedes (mythology)|Palamedes]], son of [[w:Nauplius (mythology)|Nauplius]] invented the remaining eleven consonants. Then [[w:Hermes|Hermes]] reduced these sounds to characters, showing wedge shapes because [[w:common crane|cranes]] fly in wedge formation and then carried the system from Greece to Egypt. This was the Pelasgian alphabet, which Cadmus had later brought to Boeotia, then [[w:Evander of Pallene|Evander]] of Arcadia, a Pelasgian, introduced into Italy, where his mother, [[w:Carmenta|Carmenta]], formed the familiar fifteen characters of the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]]. Other consonants have since been added to the Greek alphabet. Alpha was the first of eighteen letters, because alphe means honor, and alphainein is to invent"[http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae5.html#277 277]
'''''[[w:Plutarch|Plutarch]]''''': (c. CE 46 – CE 120)
8. [[w:Moralia|Moralia, De Genio Socrates, Stephpage 579a]]: "Musses was given the paternity of the discovery of letters..."
Anc. Greek: "πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἔφρασεν, ὡς '''Μούσαις''' ἀγῶνα '''συντελεῖσθαι κελεύει τὰ γράμματα''' τοὺς δὲ τύπους εἶναι τῆς ἐπὶ Πρωτεῖ βασιλεύοντι γραμματικῆς, ἣν Ἡρακλέα τὸν Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἐκμαθεῖν ὑφηγεῖσθαι μέντοι καὶ παραινεῖν τοῖς '''Ἕλλησι διὰ τῶν γραμμάτων''' τὸν θεὸν ἄγειν σχολὴν καὶ εἰρήνην, διὰ φιλοσοφίας ἀγωνιζομένους ἀεί, Μούσαις καὶ λόγῳ διακρινομένους περὶ τῶν δικαίων, τὰ ὅπλα καταθέντας"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plut.+De+Genio+579a&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0305]
'''''[[w:Lucian|Lucian]]''''': (c. 125 AD – after 180 AD)
9. [[w:The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, in the Court of the Seven Vowels|The Consonants at Law - Sigma vs. Tau, in the Court of the Seven Vowels]]: "Either Cadmus or Palamidis, or even Simonides invented the letters..."
Anc. Greek: " καὶ ὅ γε πρῶτος ἡμῖν τοὺς νόμους τούτους διατυπώσας, εἴτε Κάδμος ὁ νησιώτης εἴτε Παλαμήδης ὁ Ναυπλίου, καὶ Σιμωνίδῃ δὲ ἔνιοι προσάπτουσι τὴν προμήθειαν ταύτην οὐ τῇ τάξει μόνον, καθ᾿ ἣν αἱ προεδρίαι βεβαιοῦνται, διώρισαν, τί πρῶτον ἔσται ἢ δεύτερον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ποιότητας, ἃς ἕκαστον ἡμῶν ἔχει, καὶ δυνάμεις συνεῖδον"[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD]
'''''[[w:Arthur Evans|Arthur Evans]]''''': (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) English archaeologist:
10. [[w:Arthur Evans|Scripta Minoa, Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1909, vol.1, page 94, ''Advanced Minoan linear characters, word-signs as well as syllabes or letters'']]: "It will be shown in the course of this work that even the advanced linear signs of Crete, though they, doubtless, possessed the value of syllables, or even at times, perhaps, '''of single letters''', could still on occasion be used with their old ideographic force as word-signs"
''''[[w:Robert Graves|Robert Graves]]''''': (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985), English poet, historical novelist, critic, and classicist:
11. [[w:Robert Graves|The Greek Myths 1955, revised 1960, Chapter ''The Alphabet'', page 111]]: "The '''Greek alphabet was a simplification of the Cretan hieroglyphs'''...There is evidence, however, that before the introduction of the modified Phoenician alphabet into Greece an '''alphabet had existed there''' as a religious secret held by the priestesses of the Moon—Io, or the Three Fates; that it was closely linked with the calendar, and that its letters were represented not by written characters, but by twigs cut from different trees typical of the year’s sequent months"
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