Λόρα Ίνγκαλς Ουάιλντερ

Η Λόρα Ελίζαμπεθ Ίνγκαλς Ουάιλντερ (Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder, 7 Φεβρουαρίου 1867 – 10 Φεβρουαρίου 1957) ήταν Αμερικανίδα συγγραφέας γνωστή για την σειρά παιδικών βιβλίων Little House on the Prairie, που δημοσιεύτηκαν μεταξύ 1932 και 1943, τα οποία βασίστηκαν στην παιδική ηλικία της ίδιας, κατά τις δεκαετίες του 1870 και του 1880, μέσα σε μια πρωτοπόρα οικογένεια.

Λόρα Ελίζαμπεθ Ίνγκαλς Ουάιλντερ
Γενικές πληροφορίες
Όνομα στη μητρική γλώσσα	Laura Ingalls Wilder (Αγγλικά)
Γέννηση	7 Φεβρουαρίου 1867 Ουισκόνσιν
Θάνατος	10 Φεβρουάριου 1957 Μιζούρι
Αιτία θανάτου	Διαβήτης
Συνθήκες θανάτου	φυσικά αίτια
Χώρα πολιτογράφησης	Αμερικανική
Εκπαίδευση και γλώσσες
Μητρική γλώσσα	Αμερικανικά αγγλικά
Ομιλούμενες γλώσσες	Αγγλικά
Πληροφορίες ασχολίας
Ιδιότητα	Συγγραφέας Δασκάλα Πολιτικός
Αξιοσημείωτο έργο	Το μικρό σπίτι στο λιβάδι
Πολιτική τοποθέτηση
Πολιτικό κόμμα/Κίνημα	Φιλελεύθερο
Πολιτική ιδεολογία	Ελευθερισμός
Οικογένεια
Σύζυγος	Αλμάντζο Ουάιλντερ
Τέκνα	2, Ρόουζ Ουάιλντερ Λέιν και ένα ανώνυμο αρσενικό
Γονείς	Charles Ingalls και Caroline Ingalls
Αδέλφια	Mary Ingalls (μεγαλύτερη αδερφή) Carrie Ingalls (νεότερη αδελφή) Grace Ingalls (νεότερη αδελφή)
Αξιώματα και βραβεύσεις
Βραβεύσεις	National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame Children's Literature Legacy Award (1954)
Υπογραφή
Σχετικά πολυμέσα

Μεταξύ του 1974 και του 1983, η τηλεοπτική σειρά Το μικρό σπίτι στο λιβάδι βασίστηκε ελαφρώς στην σειρά βιβλίων Little House, και πρωταγωνίστησαν η Μελίσσα Γκλίμπερτ ως Laura και ο Μάικλ Λάντον ως ο πατέρας της, Charles Ingalls.

Εργογραφία

Σειρά Little House

• Little House in the Big Woods (1932)—named to the inaugural Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list in 1958
• Farmer Boy (1933)—about Almanzo Wilder growing up in New York
• Little House on the Prairie (1935)
• On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937)
• By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939)
• The Long Winter (1940)
• Little Town on the Prairie (1941)
• These Happy Golden Years (1943)

Άλλα έργα

• On the Way Home (1962, published posthumously)—diary of the Wilders' move from De Smet, South Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, edited and supplemented by Rose Wilder Lane
• The First Four Years (1971, published posthumously by Harper & Row), illustrated by Garth Williams—commonly considered the ninth Little House book
• West from Home (1974, published posthumously), ed. Roger Lea MacBride—Wilder's letters to Almanzo while visiting Lane in San Francisco
• Little House in the Ozarks: The Rediscovered Writings (1991) LCCN 91-10820—collection of pre-1932 articles
• The Road Back Home, part three (the only part previously unpublished) of A Little House Traveler: Writings from Laura Ingalls Wilder's Journeys Across America (2006, Harper) LCCN 2005-14975)—Wilder's record of a 1931 trip with Almanzo to De Smet, South Dakota, and the Black Hills
• A Little House Sampler (1988 or 1989, U. of Nebraska), with Rose Wilder Lane, ed. William Anderson, OCLC 16578355
• Writings to Young Women—Volume One: On Wisdom and Virtues, Volume Two: On Life as a Pioneer Woman, Volume Three: As Told by Her Family, Friends, and Neighbors
• A Little House Reader: A Collection of Writings (1998, Harper), ed. William Anderson
• Laura Ingalls Wilder & Rose Wilder Lane, 1937–1939 (1992, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library), ed. Timothy Walch—selections from letters exchanged by Wilder and Lane, with family photographs, OCLC 31440538
• Laura's Album: A Remembrance Scrapbook of Laura Ingalls Wilder (1998, Harper), ed. William Anderson, OCLC 865396917
• Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography (South Dakota Historical Society Press, 2014)
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1911–1916: The Small Farm
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1917–1918: The War Years
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1919–1920: The Farm Home
• Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1921–1924: A Farm Woman
• Laura Ingalls Wilder's Most Inspiring Writings
• Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Pioneer Girl's World View: Selected Newspaper Columns (Little House Prairie Series)
• The Selected Letters of Laura Ingalls Wilder, edited by William Anderson
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Farm Journalist: Writings from the Ozarks, edited by Stephen W. Hines
• Laura Ingalls Wilder's Fairy Poems, Introduced and compiled by Stephen W. Hines

Κληρονομιά

Ντοκιμαντέρ

Little House on the Prairie: The Legacy of Laura Ingalls Wilder (February 2015) is a one-hour documentary film that looks at the life of Wilder. Wilder's story as a writer, wife, and mother is explored through interviews with scholars and historians, archival photography, paintings by frontier artists, and dramatic reenactments.

Ιστορικά μνημεία και μουσεία

Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society - De Smet, SD

• Laura Ingalls Wilder Home and Museum, Mansfield, Missouri
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Pepin, Wisconsin
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove, Minnesota
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society museum and historic homes, De Smet, South Dakota; annual pageant performed here
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Park and Museum, Burr Oak, Iowa
• Little House on the Prairie Museum, Independence, Kansas
• Wilder Homestead, Malone, NY

Ενσάρκωση στην τηλεόραση και το θέατρο

Multiple adaptations of Wilder's Little House on the Prairie book series have been produced for screen and stage. In them, the following actresses have portrayed Wilder:

• Η Μελίσσα Γκίλμπερτ την έπαιξε στην σειρά Το Μικρό Σπίτι στο Λιβάδι. (1974 - 1983)
• Kazuko Sugiyama (voice) in the Japanese anime series Laura, The Prairie Girl (1975–1976)
• Meredith Monroe, Tess Harper (elder version), Alandra Bingham (younger version, part 1), Michelle Bevan (younger version, part 2) in part 1 and part 2 of the Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder television films (2000 and 2002)
• Kyle Chavarria in the TV miniseries Little House on the Prairie (2005)
• Kara Lindsay in the Little House on the Prairie book musical (2008–2010)

Άλλα

• Google Doodle commemorated her 148th birthday in 2015.
• Hall of Famous Missourians at the Missouri State Capitol—a bronze bust depicting Wilder is on permanent display in the rotunda. She was inducted in 1993.
• Missouri Walk of Fame—Wilder was honored on the Walk in 2006.
• Wilder crater on planet Venus was named after Wilder.
• In her 1916 essay "Look for Fairies Now", Wilder asked, "Of what use are eyes to a tree, I wonder?". The following century has seen continued research on the detection of far-red receptors by plants, including as a possible factor in crown shyness.

Παραπομπές

Έργα

• Holtz, William (1993). The Ghost in the Little House: A Life of Rose Wilder Lane. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-0887-8. 
• Holtz, William (1995). The Ghost in the Little House: A Life of Rose Wilder Lane. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-1015-5.  – Edition: illustrated, reprint, revised; 427 pp.; selections and bibliographic data retrieved from Google Books 2015-10-15.
• Miller, John E. (1998). Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Behind the Legend. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-1167-4. 
• Miller, John E. (2008). Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane: Authorship, Place, Time, and Culture. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-1823-0. 

Περαιτέρω μελέτη

• Campbell, Donna (2003). «'Written with a Hard and Ruthless Purpose': Rose Wilder Lane, Edna Ferber, and Middlebrow Regional Fiction». Στο: Botshon, Lisa· Goldsmith, Meredith. Middlebrow Moderns: Popular American Women Writers of the 1920s. σελίδες 25–. hdl:2376/5707. ISBN 978-1-55553-556-8. 
• Cochran-Smith, Marilyn (2016). «Color Blindness and Basket Making Are Not the Answers: Confronting the Dilemmas of Race, Culture, and Language Diversity in Teacher Education». American Educational Research Journal 32 (3): 493–522. doi:10.3102/00028312032003493. 
• Fatzinger, Amy S. (2008). "Indians in the House": Revisiting American Indians in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House Books (PhD Thesis). University of Arizona. hdl:10150/195771. 
• Fraser, Caroline (2017). Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder. New York: Metropolitan Books. 
• Heldrich, Philip (2000). «'Going to Indian Territory': Attitudes Toward Native Americans in Little House on the Prairie». Great Plains Quarterly 20 (2): 99–109. 
• Limerick, Patricia Nelson (November 20, 2017). «'Little House on the Prairie' and the Truth About the American West». The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/books/review/prairie-fires-laura-ingalls-wilder-biography-caroline-fraser.html. 
• Sickels, Amy (2007). Laura Ingalls Wilder. Facts On File. ISBN 9781438123783. 
• Smulders, Sharon (2002). «'The Only Good Indian': History, Race, and Representation in Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie». Children's Literature Association Quarterly 27 (4): 191–201. doi:10.1353/chq.0.1688. 
• Singer, Amy (2015). «Little Girls on the Prairie and the Possibility of Subversive Reading». Girlhood Studies 8 (2): 4–20. doi:10.3167/ghs.2015.080202. 
• Stewart, Michelle Pagni (2013). «'Counting Coup' on Children's Literature about American Indians: Louise Erdrich's Historical Fiction». Children's Literature Association Quarterly 38 (2): 215–35. doi:10.1353/chq.2013.0019. 

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

• Laura Ingalls Wilder in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
• Laura Ingalls Wilder στον κατάλογο προσώπων της Βιβλιοθήκης του Κογκρέσου (Library of Congress Authorities) , με 144 δελτία καταλόγου
• Beyond Little House - Laura Ingalls Wilder Legacy and Research Association
• Laura Ingalls Wilder, Frontier Girl
• Travel map of Laura Ingalls Wilder - A map showing Laura Ingalls Wilder's travels from her birth in 1867 to 1894.
• About the Ingalls Family (Sarah S. Uthoff)
• Western American Literature Research: Laura Ingalls Wilder
• Laura Ingalls Wilder: An American Fixture (Pamela Smith Hill)

Μουσεία

• Laura Ingalls Wilder Historic Home & Museum, Mansfield, Missouri
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove, Minnesota:
• Laura Ingalls Wilder Park & Museum, Burr Oak, Iowa